Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair
Pseudonym Clarke Fitch, Arthur Stirling, Frederick Garrison Født 20. september 1878 Baltimore , Maryland , USA Død 25. november 1968 (90 år) Bound Brook, New Jersey , USA Gravsted Rock Creek Cemetery Politisk parti Socialist Party of America , Demokratiske parti Far Upton Beall Sinclair Mor Priscilla Augusta Harden Ægtefælle Mary Craig Sinclair Uddannelses sted City College of New York ,Columbia University Medlem af American Academy of Arts and Letters Beskæftigelse Journalist , dramatiker , filmproducer , forfatter , digter , opinionsjournalist , romanforfatter , politiker , klinisk diætist Kendte værker Junglen Udmærkelser Pulitzer-prisen for romaner (1943) Information med symbolet hentes fra Wikidata . Kildehenvisninger foreligger sammesteds.
Upton Beall Sinclair (20. september 1878 i Baltimore , Maryland – 25. november 1968 i Bound Brook , New Jersey ) var en produktiv amerikansk forfatter som skrev over 90 bøger i mange genrer og opnåede betydelig popularitet i første halvdel af 1900-tallet.
Forfatterskab
Sinclair slog igennem i 1906 med romanen The Jungle , hvor han tematiserede udfordringer fattige immigranter mødte i Chicago , specielt indenfor slagteriindustrien som dominerede byen på dette tidspunkt. Bogen giver en rystende skildring af farlige og uhygiejniske arbejdsforhold i de store slagterier.
The Jungle havde stor påvirkningskraft. Sinclair ville hovedsagelig sætte fokus på den fattige arbejderklasses dårlige kår. Derimod var det ikke der bogen havde effekt, men som inspirator for en undersøgelse af kødindustrien, som igen resulterede i at der blev vedtaget flere love som skulle sikre bedre kødkontrol og madhygiejne.
Sinclair skrev mange andre romaner, mange med stærk politisk sprængkraft, bl.a. Boston som gav en kritisk skildring af retssagen mod anarkisterne Sacco og Vanzetti .
Sinclairs politiske synspunkter førte senere til at han blev boykottet af de store forlag, og i mange år måtte han udgive sine bøger på eget forlag og distribuere dem via postordre og gennem egne kommissærer.
Sinclairs største værk var romanserien om Lanny Budd som udkom under og efter 2. verdenskrig og skildrer den politiske udvikling i Europa og USA.
Sinclair blev tildelt Pulitzerprisen i 1943 .
Hans roman Oil blev i 2007 filmatiseret af Paul Thomas Anderson til den Oscarnominerede film There Will Be Blood med Daniel Day-Lewis i hovedrollen.
Politik
Sinclair var aktiv socialist og fremmede sine synspunkter såvel i sine bøger som i praksis. Med indtægterne fra The Jungle grundlagde han et socialistisk kollektiv. Bygningen blev angrebet flere gange og tilslut brændt ned til grunden, sandsynligvis af politiske modstandere.
Han stillede som kandidat for socialistpartiet ved kongresvalgene i 1920 og 1922, uden at opnå noget mandat. I 1934 var han kandidat til delstatsguvernør i Californien for det demokratiske parti.
Bibliografi
Fiktion
Sinclair, Upton. Upton Sinclair Anthology (1947) online
Engs, Ruth Clifford, ed. Unseen Upton Sinclair: Nine Unpublished Stories, Essays and Other Works. (McFarland & Co. 2009).
Tommy Junior The Second – The Argosy, juli 1895
Courtmartialed – 1898
Saved By the Enemy – 1898
The Fighting Squadron – 1898
A Prisoner of Morro – 1898
A Soldier Monk – 1898
A Gauntlet of Fire – 1899
Holding the Fort – 1899
A Soldier's Pledge – 1899
Wolves of the Navy – 1899
Springtime and Harvest – 1901, reissued the same year as King Midas
The Journal of Arthur Stirling – 1903
Off For West Point – 1903
From Port to Port – 1903
On Guard – 1903
A Strange Cruise – 1903
The West Point Rivals – 1903
A West Point Treasure – 1903
A Cadet's Honor – 1903
Cliff, the Naval Cadet – 1903
The Cruise of the Training Ship – 1903
Prince Hagen – 1903
Manassas: A Novel of the War – 1904, reissued in 1959 as Theirs be the Guilt
A Captain of Industry – 1906
The Jungle – 1906
The Overman – 1907
The Industrial Republic – 1907
The Metropolis – 1908
The Moneychangers – 1908, reprinted as The Money Changers
Samuel The Seeker – 1910
Love's Pilgrimage – 1911
Damaged Goods – 1913
Sylvia – 1913
Sylvia's Marriage – 1914
King Coal – 1917
Jimmie Higgins – 1919
Debs and the Poets – 1920
100% – The Story of a Patriot – 1920
The Spy – 1920
They Call Me Carpenter: A Tale of the Second Coming – 1922
The Millennium – 1924
The Spokesman's Secretary – 1926
Oil! – 1927
Boston , 2 vols. – 1928
Mountain City – 1930
Roman Holiday – 1931
The Wet Parade – 1931
American Outpost – 1932
The Way Out (novel) – 1933
Immediate Epic – 1933
The Lie Factory Starts – 1934
The Book of Love – 1934
Depression Island – 1935
Co-op: a Novel of Living Together – 1936
The Gnomobile – 1936, 1962
Wally for Queen – 1936
No Pasaran!: A Novel of the Battle of Madrid – 1937
The Flivver King: A Story of Ford-America – 1937
Little Steel – 1938
Our Lady – 1938
Expect No Peace – 1939
Marie Antoinette (novel) – 1939
Telling The World – 1939
Your Million Dollars – 1939
World's End – 1940
World's End Impending – 1940
Between Two Worlds – 1941
Dragon's Teeth – 1942
Wide Is the Gate – 1943
Presidential Agent – 1944
Dragon Harvest – 1945
A World to Win – 1946
A Presidential Mission – 1947
A Giant's Strength – 1948
Limbo on the Loose – 1948
One Clear Call – 1948
O Shepherd, Speak! – 1949
Another Pamela – 1950
Schenk Stefan! – 1951
A Personal Jesus – 1952
The Return of Lanny Budd – 1953
What Didymus Did – UK 1954 / It Happened to Didymus – US 1958
Theirs Be the Guilt – 1959
Affectionately Eve – 1961
The Coal War – 1976
Selvbiografier
The Autobiography of Upton Sinclair. Med Maeve Elizabeth Flynn III. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1962.
My Lifetime in Letters. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1960) online .
The Cup of Fury – 1956
Faglitteratur
Sinclair, Upton; Williams, Michael (1909). Good Health and How We Won It: With an Account of New Hygiene . New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, Publishers. hdl :2027/mdp.39015052210583 . OCLC 1476950524 .
The Fasting Cure – 1911
The Profits of Religion – 1917
The Brass Check – 1919
McNeal, T. A.; Sinclair, Upton (1921). McNeal-Sinclair Debate on Socialism . Ten cent pocket series; no. 234. Girard, Kansas: Haldeman-Julius Company. hdl :2027/coo.31924030332716 . OCLC 1408761760 .
The Book of Life . Pasadena, Calif., Chicago: Upton Sinclair; Wholesale distributors, Paine Book Co. 1922. hdl :2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t04x5vb8x . OCLC 644454786 .
The Goose-Step – 1923
The Goslings: A Study of the American Schools . 1924. OCLC 314675830 .
Mammonart. An Essay in Economic Interpretation – 1925
Letters to Judd, an American Workingman . Pasadena, CA: The author. 1925. hdl :2027/coo.31924030404325 . OCLC 1496349431 .
Money Writes! . New York: A. & C. Boni. 1927. hdl :2027/uc1.$b113567 . OCLC 614662777 .
Mental Radio: Does it work, and how? – 1930, 1962
Upton Sinclair Presents William Fox – 1933
Epic Answers: How to End Poverty in California . Los Angeles, Calif.: End Poverty League. 1934. OCLC 1288406151 .
The EPIC Plan for California . New York: Farrar & Rinehart. 1934. hdl :2027/uc1.b4080544 . OCLC 555500859 .
I, Governor of California, and How I Ended Poverty: A True Story of the Future . Los Angeles, California: End Poverty League Incorporated. 1934. OCLC 1252363055 .
Immediate Epic: The Final Statement of the Plan . Los Angeles, Calif.: End Poverty League. 1934. hdl :2027/uc1.b4080544 . OCLC 609477646 .
We, People of America, And How We Ended Poverty: A True Story of the Future . Pasadena, Calif.: National EPIC league. 1935. hdl :2027/mdp.39015059479066 . OCLC 1467295145 .
I, Candidate for Governor And How I Got Licked . University of California Press. 1935. OCLC 1527259587 . ISBN 978-0-520-91352-3
What God Means to Me: An Attempt at a Working Religion . Pasadena: Upton Sinclair. 1936. OCLC 1439056275 .
Upton Sinclair on the Soviet Union . New York: Weekly Masses Co. 1938. OCLC 1439053857 – via archive.org.
Letters to a Millionaire . London: T.W. Laurie. 1939. OCLC 12304661 .
Drama
Plays of Protest: The Naturewoman, The Machine, The Second-Story Man, Prince Hagen – 1912
The Pot Boiler – 1913 (ikke udgivet før 1924 – som Little Blue Book 589, af E. Haldeman-Julius .)
Hell: A Verse Drama and Photoplay – 1924
Singing Jailbirds: A Drama in Four Acts – 1924
Bill Porter: A Drama of O. Henry in Prison – 1925
The Enemy Had It Too: A Play in Three Acts – 1950
Som redaktør
The Cry for Justice: An Anthology of the Literature of Social Protest – 1915
Eksterne henvisninger
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