The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency was part of a conflict between communist groups and the Indian government. The insurgency started after the 1967 Naxalbari uprising and the subsequent split of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) leading to the creation of a Marxist–Leninist faction. The faction splintered into various groups supportive of Maoist ideology, claiming to fight a rural rebellion and people's war against the government.
The armed wing of the Maoists is called the People's Liberation Guerrilla Army. They have conducted multiple attacks on security forces and government workers. The influence zone of the Naxalites is called the red corridor, which consists of about 25 districts in Central and East India as of 2021. The insurgency reached its peak in the late 2000s with almost 180 affected districts and was on the decline since then due to counter-insurgency actions and development plans formulated by the Government. Naxalite organisations and groups were declared as terrorist organisations under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act of India (1967).