Terminalia leiocarpa

Terminalia leiocarpa
Flowers in Burkina Faso
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Combretaceae
Genus: Terminalia
Species:
T. leiocarpa
Binomial name
Terminalia leiocarpa
(DC.) Baill. (1876)
Synonyms
  • Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (1832)
  • Anogeissus leiocarpa f. grandifolia Engl. & Diels (1899)
  • Anogeissus leiocarpa f. parvifolia Hochst. ex Engl. & Diels (1899)
  • Anogeissus leiocarpa var. schimperi (Hochst. ex Hutch. & Dalziel) Aubrév. (1950)
  • Anogeissus schimperi Hochst. ex Hutch. & Dalziel (1927)
  • Conocarpus leiocarpus DC. (1828)
  • Conocarpus parvifolius Hochst. ex A.Rich. (1848)
  • Conocarpus schimperi Hochst. ex A.Rich. (1848)
  • Terminalia schimperi (Hochst. ex Hutch. & Dalziel) Gere & Boatwr. (2017)

Terminalia leiocarpa (African birch; Bambara: ngálǎma) is a species of tree in the family Combretaceae. It is a deciduous tree native of tropical Africa from Senegal and Guinea in the west to Eritrea in the east and as far south as the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Terminalia leiocarpa germinates in the new soils produced by seasonal wetlands. It is a forest fringe plant, growing at the edges of the rainforest, although not deep in the rainforest. It also grows in savanna, and along riverbanks, where it forms gallery forests. The tree flowers in the rainy season, from June to October. The fruit are winged samaras, and are dispersed by ants.

Ethnobotany

It is one of the plants used to make bògòlanfini, a traditional Malian mudcloth. Small branches with leaves are crushed to make one of the yellow dyes.

The inner bark of the tree is used as a human and livestock anthelmintic for treating worms, and for treatment of a few protozoan diseases in animals, nagana (an animal trypanosomiasis), and babesiosis.

The inner bark is used as a chewing stick in Nigeria and extracts of the bark show antibacterial properties. The stem barks contains castalagin and flavogallonic acid dilactone.

Laboratory investigation of the effects of aqueous stem bark extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus, which contains antioxidants, indicates that it provides dose-dependent benefits against gastric ulcers. The observed effectiveness is sufficient to support the ethno medicinal application of the plant in ulcer treatment and management.

References

  1. ↑ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI); IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Anogeissus leiocarpa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T144290166A149021772. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T144290166A149021772.en. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
  2. 1 2 "Terminalia leiocarpa DC. Baill". Kew Science – Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  3. ↑ Baill. In: Hist. Pl. 6: 265. (1876).
  4. ↑ Maurin, Olivier; Gere, Jephris; Bank, Michelle Van Der; Boatwright, James Stephen (2017-06-22). "The inclusion of Anogeissus, Buchenavia and Pteleopsis in Terminalia (Combretaceae: Terminaliinae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 184 (3): 312–325. doi:10.1093/BOTLINNEAN/BOX029.
  5. ↑ Steentoft, Margaret (1988). Flowering Plants in West Africa. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-26192-9.
  6. ↑ Arbonnier, Michel (2004). Trees, Shrubs and Lianas of West African Dry Zones. Quae. ISBN 2-87614-579-0.
  7. ↑ Bizimana, Nsekuye (1994). Traditional Veterinary Practice in Africa. German Technical Cooperation. ISBN 3-88085-502-1.
  8. ↑ Mann, A.; Yahaya, Y.; Banso, A.; Ajayi, G. O. (March 2008). "Phytochemical and antibacterial screening of Anogeissus leiocarpus against some microorganisms associated with infectious wounds". Academic Journals. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ↑ Shuaibu, M. N.; Pandey, K.; Wuyep, P. A.; Yanagi, T.; Hirayama, K.; Ichinose, A.; Tanaka, T.; Kouno, I. (2008). "Castalagin from Anogeissus leiocarpus mediates the killing of Leishmania in vitro". Parasitology Research. 103 (6): 1333–1338. doi:10.1007/s00436-008-1137-7. PMID 18690475. S2CID 37480828.
  10. ↑ Shuaibu, M. N.; Wuyep, P. A.; Yanagi, T.; Hirayama, K.; Tanaka, T.; Kouno, I. (2008). "The use of microfluorometric method for activity-guided isolation of antiplasmodial compound from plant extracts". Parasitology Research. 102 (6): 1119–1127. doi:10.1007/s00436-008-0879-6. PMID 18214539. S2CID 19496595.
  11. ↑ Hafsat Rufa’i, Humphrey C. Nzelibe and Musa M. Abarshi. Science World Journal Vol. 16(No 3) 2021 www.scienceworldjournal.org ISSN: 1597-6343