Amplectobeluidae

Amplectobeluidae
Amplectobelua (left) and Lyrarapax (right)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Stem group: Arthropoda
Class: †Dinocaridida
Order: †Radiodonta
Family: †Amplectobeluidae
Pates et al., 2019
Genera

Amplectobeluidae is a clade of Cambrian radiodonts. It currently includes five definitive genera, Amplectobelua, Lyrarapax, Ramskoeldia, Guanshancaris and a currently unnamed genus from the lower Cambrian aged Sirius Passet site in Greenland. There is also a potential fifth genus, Houcaris, but that genus has become problematic in terms of its taxonomic placement.

Definition

In 2014, Amplectobeluidae was defined as the most inclusive clade including Amplectobelua symbrachiata but not Anomalocaris canadensis, Tamisiocaris borealis, or Hurdia victoria.

Description

Amplectobeluids have frontal appendages with a well-developed first distal endite, which forms a pincer-like structure suited for grasping. Complete body fossils of amplectobeluids are only known for Amplectobelua and Lyrarapax, both showing a combination of characters resembling those of Anomalocaris; a streamlined body, a small head with ovoid sclerites, well-developed swimming flaps, and a pair of caudal furcae. Amplectobelua and Ramskoeldia have a pair of gnathobase-like structures,, while Lyrarapax and Guanshancaris have an oral cone with a tetraradial arrangement and scale-like nodes.

Classification

Early in 2014, "Anomalocaris" kunmingensis was tentatively assigned to Amplectobelua by Vinther et al. Later that year, however, the discoverers of Lyrarapax unguispinus ignored that assessment and created a genus within Amplectobelua sensu Vinther et al. An indeterminate frontal appendage assignable to this group is known from the Parker Slate of Vermont.

Phylogeny

An a posteriori-weighted phylogenetic analysis in 2014 found the following relationships within the Amplectobeluidae:

NIGP 154565

"Anomalocaris" saron

References

  1. ↑ Park, Tae-Yoon S.; Nielsen, Morten Lunde; Parry, Luke A.; Sørensen, Martin Vinther; Lee, Mirinae; Kihm, Ji-Hoon; Ahn, Inhye; Park, Changkun; de Vivo, Giacinto; Smith, M. Paul; Harper, David A. T.; Nielsen, Arne T.; Vinther, Jakob (2024-01-05). "A giant stem-group chaetognath". Science Advances. 10 (1). doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi6678. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10796117.
  2. ↑ Zeng, Han; Zhao, Fangchen; Zhu, Maoyan (2022-09-07). "Innovatiocaris, a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta". Journal of the Geological Society. 180. doi:10.1144/jgs2021-164. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 252147346.
  3. ↑ McCall, Christian (13 December 2023). "A large pelagic lobopodian from the Cambrian Pioche Shale of Nevada". Journal of Paleontology. 97 (5): 1009–1024. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.63.
  4. 1 2 3 Vinther J, Stein M, Longrich NR, Harper DA (March 2014). "A suspension-feeding anomalocarid from the Early Cambrian" (PDF). Nature. 507 (7493): 496–9. Bibcode:2014Natur.507..496V. doi:10.1038/nature13010. PMID 24670770. S2CID 205237459.
  5. ↑ Daley AC, Paterson JR, Edgecombe GD, García-Bellido DC, Jago JB (2013). "New anatomical information on Anomalocaris from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale and a reassessment of its inferred predatory habits". Palaeontology. 56 (5): 971–990. doi:10.1111/pala.12029.
  6. ↑ Chen JY, Ramsköld L, Zhou GQ (May 1994). "Evidence for monophyly and arthropod affinity of Cambrian giant predators". Science. 264 (5163): 1304–8. Bibcode:1994Sci...264.1304C. doi:10.1126/science.264.5163.1304. PMID 17780848. S2CID 1913482.
  7. 1 2 3 Cong P, Ma X, Hou X, Edgecombe GD, Strausfeld NJ (September 2014). "Brain structure resolves the segmental affinity of anomalocaridid appendages". Nature. 513 (7519): 538–42. Bibcode:2014Natur.513..538C. doi:10.1038/nature13486. PMID 25043032. S2CID 4451239.
  8. 1 2 Liu J, Lerosey-Aubril R, Steiner M, Dunlop JA, Shu D, Paterson JR (2018-11-01). "Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan". National Science Review. 5 (6): 863–869. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy057. ISSN 2095-5138.
  9. 1 2 Cong P, Daley AC, Edgecombe GD, Hou X (August 2017). "The functional head of the Cambrian radiodontan (stem-group Euarthropoda) Amplectobelua symbrachiata". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (1): 208. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1049-1. PMC 5577670. PMID 28854872.
  10. ↑ Moysiuk J, Caron JB (August 2019). "A new hurdiid radiodont from the Burgess Shale evinces the exploitation of Cambrian infaunal food sources". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 286 (1908) 20191079. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.1079. PMC 6710600. PMID 31362637.
  11. ↑ Cong PY, Edgecombe GD, Daley AC, Guo J, Pates S, Hou XG (2018). "New radiodonts with gnathobase-like structures from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota and implications for the systematics of Radiodonta" (PDF). Papers in Palaeontology. 4 (4): 605–621. doi:10.1002/spp2.1219. ISSN 2056-2802. S2CID 90258934.
  12. ↑ Zeng H, Zhao F, Yin Z, Zhu M (2018). "A new radiodontan oral cone with a unique combination of anatomical features from the early Cambrian Guanshan Lagerstätte, eastern Yunnan, South China". Journal of Paleontology. 92 (1): 40–48. Bibcode:2018JPal...92...40Z. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.77. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 134157062.
  13. ↑ Jiao DG, Pates S, Lerosey-Aubril R, Ortega-Hernández J, Yang J, Lan T, Zhang XG (2021). "The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan biota of South China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 66. doi:10.4202/app.00870.2020. ISSN 0567-7920.
  14. ↑ Pari, Giovanni; Briggs, Derek E.G.; Gaines, Robert R. (2022-02-16). "The soft-bodied biota of the Cambrian Series 2 Parker Quarry Lagerstätte of northwestern Vermont, USA". Journal of Paleontology. 96 (4): 770–790. Bibcode:2022JPal...96..770P. doi:10.1017/jpa.2021.125. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 246933116.