Buyan-M-class corvette

The corvette Grad Sviyazhsk
Class overview
NameBuyan-M class
BuildersZelenodolsk Plant Gorky
(1 unit originally planned at Almaz Shipyard, cancelled)
Operators Russian Navy
Preceded by
Succeeded byKarakurt class
Built2010–present
In commission2014–present
Planned12
Completed12
Active12
General characteristics
TypeGuided-missile corvette
Displacement
Length74.1–75 m (243 ft 1 in – 246 ft 1 in)
Beam11 m (36 ft 1 in)
Height6.57 m (21 ft 7 in)[citation needed]
Draft2.5–2.6 m (8 ft 2 in – 8 ft 6 in)
Installed power
  • 631 through 635: 4 2,800 kW (3,700 hp) MTU 16V4000M90 diesel engines
  • 636 through 639: 4 2,941 kW (3,944 hp) CHD622V20 diesel engines
  • 640 through 642: Kolomna 16D49 diesel engines
Propulsion2 Pumpjets
Speed26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph)
Range2,500 nmi (4,600 km; 2,900 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)
Enduranceunclear, sources state 10 days and 15 days
Complement52
Sensors &
processing systems
Electronic warfare
& decoys		PK-10 Smely decoy
Armament

The Buyan-M class (Russian: Буян-М, lit. 'Buyan-M'), Russian designation Project 21631 Buyan-M are a series of corvettes (small missile ships by Russian classification), in service with the Russian Navy. They are an updated version of the earlier Project 21630 Buyan-class corvettes. The ships are primarily designed for operations within littoral zones to protect Russia's vast coastal areas. Due to their small tonnage, they can operate even within shallow parts of oceans and seas and Russia's inland waterway system. The lead ship of this project, Grad Sviyazhsk, was laid down on 27 August 2010 and commissioned on 27 July 2014.

Characteristics

Structure

The Project 21631 ships are significantly larger than their predecessor, with a displacement of 949 tonnes (934 long tons) compared to 508 tons, and a length of approximately 75 m (246 ft) rather than 62 m (203 ft).

Due to their small tonnage, Buyan-M-class corvettes can operate in Russia's inland waterways. The interconnected rivers and canals of Russia's inland waterway system provide routes between the Caspian, Baltic, White and Black seas.

Propulsion

The first five ships of this class each use 4 German MTU 16V4000M90 diesel engines and ZF gearboxes. However, after the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian war, MTU engines became unavailable due to sanctions imposed on Russia. Russian officials had stated that "a replacement for the sanctioned engines had already been found, and production of ships would not pause." 4 CHD622V20 diesel engines were used instead on the next four ships. These engines were produced by the Chinese company HND and feature a common rail system and a turbocharger. Later, as part of Russia's drive to replace imported goods with domestic ones, and also because of alleged unreliability of Chinese engines, the final three ships of the class received Russian-made 16D49 [ru] diesel engines. The engines were made by Kolomna Locomotive Works, use a gearbox made by Zvezda [ru], and NPO Avrora control systems.

Armament

The Buyan-M class differs greatly in armament from its preceding variant. Original Buyan ships are fitted with an A-215 Grad multiple rocket launcher. The Buyan-M units, however, are equipped with an 8-cell 3S-14 vertical launching system, which is intended to carry the nuclear-capable Kalibr long-range cruise missile, and the supersonic Oniks cruise missile. The Buyan-M corvette also carries two Gibka [ru; he] surface-to-air missile systems, each equipped with 4-8 Igla MANPADS, although images normally show four or six missiles installed. Another weapon system on the Buyan-M class is the AK-630M2 "Duet" which consists of two AO-18 rotary cannons one above the other.

It was rumored that the final ship of the class, Stavropol, would be fitted with a Pantsir-M system as on Karakurt-class corvettes, but this did not become reality.

Before its collapse in 2019, the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty prohibited ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with ranges of 500–5,500 km, but did not restrict sea-launched missiles. The deployment of Kalibr land-attack cruise missiles aboard river-capable Buyan-M corvettes therefore provided Russia with a long-range strike capability not subject to these restrictions.

Early history

The Buyan-M project was developed by the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau for the Russian Navy and built by the JSC Zelenodolsk Shipyard in Tatarstan. It is an updated missile-carrying variant of the earlier Buyan-class artillery ships, with a greater displacement, different armament, and upgraded electronics. Buyan-M ships are designed to operate in shallow waters like rivers, lakes, deltas, and some parts of seas and oceans.

These corvettes are intended for protection of Russia's national economic zone.

Initially, 8–10 ships of the class were planned, to serve with the Caspian Flotilla and the Black Sea Fleet, and later reporting established that there would be 9 ships of the class, 3 for the Caspian Flotilla and 6 for the Black Sea Fleet.

Ultimately, 12 ships of the class were built, with the final three serving with the Baltic Fleet, along with two being transferred from the Black Sea Fleet to the Baltic Fleet.

Allegedly, a ship of the Buyan-M-class was intended to be built at the Almaz Shipbuilding Company in Saint Petersburg. The construction was cancelled, and little further information is available.

Operational history

By ship


Grad Sviyazhsk

Uglich

Velikiy Ustug

Zeleny Dol

In 2016 Zeleny Dol was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea, later followed by sister ship Serpukhov. On 19 August Zeleny Dol and Serpukhov, deployed in the Mediterranean Sea, launched Kalibr cruise missiles at positions of Al-Nusra terrorist group in Syria. As a result of the strikes, number of terrorist facilities were destroyed, including command post and base near the village of Dar Ta Izzah and weapon production plants and warehouses in Aleppo province.

On 25 October 2016, Zeleny Dol and Serpukhov were deployed to the Baltic Sea to join a newly formed division at Kaliningrad. In 2020, Zeleny Dol and the Karakurt-class corvette Odintsovo deployed to Arctic waters utilizing Russian internal waterways.

Serpukhov

Vyshniy Volochyok

Published Russian naval documents showed that on 7 August 2025 the Vyshniy Volochyok was damaged from colliding with the civilian tanker Nazan in Temryuk Bay while maneuvering to evade attacking Ukrainian drones.

Ingushetiya

On 13 November 2019, the Ingushetiya performed a test-launch of a dummy Kalibr missile while on its factory sea trials in the Black Sea. The Ingushetiya also tested its artillery systems against maritime and coastal targets.

Grad

On October 4, 2025, the Ukrainian Special Forces reported that the Grad was damaged after being struck by Ukraine, on Lake Onega.

Operations in Syria

A Buyan-M of the Black Sea Fleet launches Kalibr cruise missiles towards targets in Ukraine

Operations in Ukraine

On 28 March 2022, a Buyan-M class corvette fired eight Kalibr missiles from the Black Sea and destroyed a Ukrainian arsenal at Orzhev, according to Russian reporting.

Ships

Hull numbers and yard numbers from Russianships.info.

Name Builder Yard number Hull number Laid down Launched Commissioned Fleet Status
Grad Sviyazhsk Zelenodolsk Shipyard 631 652 27 August 2010 9 March 2013 27 July 2014 Caspian Active, acceptance act signed in Devember 2013, flag raised 27 July 2014
Uglich 632 653 22 July 2011 10 April 2013 27 July 2014 Active, acceptance act signed in Devember 2013, flag raised 27 July 2014
Velikiy Ustug 633 651 27 August 2011 21 May 2014 19 December 2014 Active
Zeleny Dol 634 562 29 August 2012 2 April 2015 12 December 2015 Baltic Active, reportedly having originally served in the Black Sea Fleet until 1 November 2016
Serpukhov 635 563 25 January 2013 3 April 2015 12 December 2015 Active; reportedly damaged by sabotage in 2024 but participating in exercises in the Baltic as of 2025, reportedly having originally served in the Black Sea Fleet until 1 November 2016
Vyshniy Volochyok 636 609 29 August 2013 22 August 2016 1 June 2018 Black Sea Active; damaged in collision with civilian tanker August 2025
Orekhovo-Zuyevo 637 626 29 May 2014 19 June 2018 10 December 2018 Active; reportedly operating in the Mediterranean/Baltic region as of 2024
Ingushetiya 638 630 29 August 2014 11 June 2019 28 December 2019 Active
Grayvoron 639 600 10 April 2015 April 2020 30 January 2021 Active
Grad 640 575 24 April 2017 17 September 2021 29 December 2022 Baltic Active; reported struck by Ukrainian attack in October 2025; damage uncertain; back in service as of May 2026
Naro-Fominsk 641 595 23 February 2018 9 December 2022 25 December 2023 Active
Stavropol 642 555 12 July 2018 11 June 2024 28 August 2025 Active

Images of ships

Notes

  1. ↑ Numbers shown are yard numbers at the shipbuilding plant, see § Ships
  2. 1 2 A 2015 Jane's report stated that Project 21631 corvettes were to be equipped with the Komar SAM turret. In a 2018 TV ForPost report aboard the corvette Vyshny Volochyok, a Russian Navy sailor referred to the ship's system as the Gibka. A 2021 Jane's report on the Rubin-class patrol boat Rasul Gamzatov described a similar naval launcher as possibly a derivative of the 3M-47 Gibka, a Komar, or a crossbreed of the two systems. The exact relationship between the Komar designation and the 3M-47 Gibka system is not consistently described in open sources.
  3. ↑ Grad Sviyazhsk, Uglich, Velikiy Ustug, Zelenyy Dol, and Serpukhov
  4. ↑ Russian: 'замена "санкционным" дизелям уже найдена и строительство кораблей приостанавливаться не будет'
  5. ↑ Vyshniy Volochyok, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Ingushetiya, and Grayvoron
  6. ↑ Grad, Naro-Fominsk, and Stavropol

References

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  28. ↑ "Russia despatches one more missile corvette to Mediterranean: agencies". Reuters. 6 October 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2024 – via Yahoo! News.
  29. ↑ "Russia says video shows launch of missiles from Mediterranean Sea against terrorists in Syria". National Post. Associated Press. 19 August 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  30. ↑ "Analysis: Zeleny Dol corvette passes successful trials". Navy Recognition. 18 September 2020. Archived from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
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  32. 1 2 Khomenko, Ivan (27 September 2025). "Russian Submarine and Corvette Sustain Major Damage. Here's What We Know". United 24 Media. Archived from the original on 27 September 2025. Retrieved 28 September 2025.
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  37. ↑ Пятый "Буян-М" получил наименование "Серпухов" [The fifth "Buyan-M" is named "Serpukhov"]. flotprom.ru (in Russian). 17 December 2012. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  38. ↑ Спущен на воду малый ракетный корабль «Град Свияжск» [The small rocket ship "Grad Sviyazhsk" was launched]. Сделано у нас (in Russian). 18 March 2013. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  39. 1 2 На кораблях "Град Свияжск" и "Углич" подняли Военно-Морские флаги [Naval flags raised on ships "Grad Sviyazhsk" and "Uglich"]. JSC Zelenodolsk Plant named after A.M. Gorky (in Russian). 27 July 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
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  72. ↑ "Shipbuilders to float out cutting-edge missile corvette for Russian Navy by Aug 30".
  73. ↑ "Малый ракетный корабль "Наро-Фоминск" планируют спустить на воду 9 декабря".
  74. ↑ "Путин примет участие в церемонии поднятия флага на фрегате в Петербурге". RIA (in Russian). 25 December 2023.
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