CD−35 2722

CD−35 2722

Artistic representation of CD-35 2722 system
Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox ICRS
Constellation Columba
Right ascension 06h 09m 19.208s
Declination −35° 49′ 31.07″
Apparent magnitude (V) 11.083±0.07
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Red dwarf + Brown dwarf
Spectral type M1Ve + L4±1
Variable type T Tauri
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)+31.21±0.68 km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −3.605(14) mas/yr
Dec.: −56.077(15) mas/yr
Parallax (π)44.7203±0.0128 mas
Distance72.93 ± 0.02 ly
(22.361 ± 0.006 pc)
Orbit
SecondaryCD−35 2722B
Period (P)1240+330
−290 yr
Semi-major axis (a)101+15
−14 AU
Eccentricity (e)0.772+0.049
−0.051
Inclination (i)141+11
−7°
Longitude of the node (Ω)259.6+3.4
−7.4°
Argument of periastron (ω)
(secondary)		142.2+7.6
−6.6°
Details
A
Mass0.40±0.05 M☉
Radius0.559±0.016 R☉
Luminosity0.054 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.24±0.50 cgs
Temperature3680±100 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.04±0.05 dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)11.95±0.05 km/s
Age100±50 Myr
B
Mass29.5+5.1
−4.3 MJup
Radius1.55+0.05
−0.06 RJup
Surface gravity (log g)4.5±0.5 cgs
Temperature1700–1900 K
Rotational velocity (v sin i)9.58+0.25
−0.24 km/s
Age100±50 Myr
Other designations
CD−35 2722, PM J06093-3549, TIC 201426753, TYC 7084-794-1, GSC 07084-00794, 2MASS J06091922-3549311, DENIS J060919.2-354931
Database references
SIMBADA
B
Exoplanet Archivedata

CD−35 2722 is a star system located in the constellation of Columba. The system consists of a red dwarf star orbited by a brown dwarf companion, discovered via direct imaging in 2011. The presence of a Jupiter-mass exosatellite orbiting the brown dwarf has been suspected since 2026. The system is a member of the AB Doradus moving group.

Brown dwarf

In 2011, a brown dwarf designated CD−35 2722B was detected at a projected separation of 3.137″±0.005″ from the star. At a distance of 21.3±1.4 pc, this corresponds to a projected distance of 67±4 au. The mass was originally estimated at 31±8 MJ, other estimates suggest 37.29±2.18 MJ or 29.5+5.1
−4.3 MJ. The temperature is in the range 1700–1900 K and the spectral type is L4±1. The chemical composition of the brown dwarf matches closely that of its host star, which may indicate that it formed by gravitational instability rather than core accretion.

The orbit has not been fully constrained but it appears to have a very high eccentricity, exceeding 0.9.

Candidate satellite

In 2026, radial-velocity monitoring of CD−35 2722B with the CRIRES+ spectrograph on ESO’s Very Large Telescope provided strong evidence for at least one planetary-mass satellite orbiting CD−35 2722B. Radial velocity data from VLT/CRIRES+ revealed a candidate satellite orbiting CD−35 2722 B. The candidate has a minimum mass of 0.918 MJ and an orbital period of 171 days.

A two-satellite model fits the radial velocity data equally well; in this model, the second satellite would have a minimum mass of 0.2 MJ and orbit with an 87-day period. However, this two-satellite configuration is highly unstable and would likely result in one of the satellites being ejected within 500 years, making the one-satellite model more likely and preferred.

The suspected satellite orbits a brown dwarf rather than a planet. Astronomers are unsure whether to label the unconfirmed object a "moon," as a "moon" is generally defined as orbiting a planet.

The CD−35 2722 B planetary system
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination
(°)		 Radius
(unconfirmed) ≥0.918+0.011
−0.045 MJ		 0.200+0.001
−0.004		 171.112+0.525
−0.363		 0.269+0.013
−0.037		 — —

See also

References

  1. ↑ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. ↑ Kiraga, M. (2012-04-17), "ASAS photometry of ROSAT sources I. Periodic variable stars coincident with bright sources from ROSAT all sky survey", Acta Astronomica, 62 (1): 67, arXiv:1204.3825, Bibcode:2012AcA....62...67K
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Wahhaj, Zahed; Liu, Michael C.; Biller, Beth A.; Clarke, Fraser; Nielsen, Eric L.; Close, Laird M.; Hayward, Thomas L.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Cushing, Michael; Dupuy, Trent; Tecza, Matthias; Thatte, Niranjan; Chun, Mark; Ftaclas, Christ; Hartung, Markus (2011-03-10). "THE GEMINI NICI PLANET-FINDING CAMPAIGN: DISCOVERY OF A SUBSTELLAR L DWARF COMPANION TO THE NEARBY YOUNG M DWARF CD–35 2722". The Astrophysical Journal. 729 (2): 139. arXiv:1101.2893. Bibcode:2011ApJ...729..139W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/729/2/139. ISSN 0004-637X.
  5. ↑ "VSX : Detail for ASAS J060919-3549.5". vsx.aavso.org. Retrieved 2026-07-26.
  6. ↑ Bernardi, Andrea; Zurlo, Alice; Lazzoni, Cecilia; Desidera, Silvano; Mesa, Dino; Pérez, Sebastian; Nogueira, Pedro Henrique; Barbato, Domenico; Dasgupta, Anuroop (2026-07-15). "SaNDi-SHoP: Searching for Satellites'N'Disks with a Star-Hopping Program II. Spectrophotometric analysis and orbital monitoring of directly imaged companions". arXiv:2607.13545 [astro-ph.EP]. Designation used for the system is TYC 7084-794-1.
  7. 1 2 Stassun, Keivan G.; Oelkers, Ryan J.; Paegert, Martin; Torres, Guillermo; Pepper, Joshua; Lee, Nathan De; Collins, Kevin; Latham, David W.; Muirhead, Philip S.; Chittidi, Jay; Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara; Fleming, Scott W.; Rose, Mark E.; Tenenbaum, Peter; Ting, Eric B. (2019-10-01). "The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (4): 138. arXiv:1905.10694. Bibcode:2019AJ....158..138S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3467. ISSN 0004-6256.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wang, Gavin; Xuan, Jerry W.; Picos, Darío González; Zhang 张, Zhoujian 周健; Zhang, Yapeng; Mawet, Dimitri; Hsu, Chih-Chun; Wang 王, Jason J. 劲飞; Blake, Geoffrey A.; Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste; Horstman, Katelyn; Sappey, Ben; Xin, Yinzi; Finnerty, Luke; Echeverri, Daniel (2026-02-01). "Chemical and Isotopic Homogeneity between the L Dwarf CD-35 2722 B and Its Early M Host Star". The Astrophysical Journal. 997 (2): 195. arXiv:2511.19588. Bibcode:2026ApJ...997..195W. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae232f. ISSN 0004-637X.
  9. ↑ "CD-35 2722". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2026-07-26.
  10. ↑ "CD-35 2722 | NASA Exoplanet Archive". exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2026-07-26.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Hoy, Kevin; Zurlo, Alice; Peña R, Pablo A.; Köhler, Jana; Desidera, Silvano; Gratton, Raffaele; Lazzoni, Cecilia; Petrus, Simon; Rodler, Florian; Smoker, Jonathan; D’Orazi, Valentina; Carleo, Ilaria; Giovannini, Ilaria (2026). "Planetary-mass exosatellite detected around the substellar companion of a star" (PDF). Nature. 655 (8124): 865–869. arXiv:2607.05193. Bibcode:2026Natur.655..865H. doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10751-w. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 42487037. Note that the arXiv preprint differs from the published paper.
  12. 1 2 3 Hoy, Kevin; Zurlo, Alice; Ferreira, Bárbara (22 July 2026). "New 'exomoon' detection challenges cosmic labels". www.eso.org. Retrieved 2026-07-26.
  13. ↑ Gratton, R.; Bonavita, M.; Mesa, D.; Zurlo, A.; Marino, S.; Desidera, S.; D'Orazi, V.; Riglicao, E.; Squicciarini, V.; Nogueira, P.H. (2024). "Implications of the discovery of AF Lep b. The mass-luminosity relation for planets in the β Pic Moving Group and the L-T transition for young companions and free-floating planets". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 684 A69. arXiv:2402.09067. Bibcode:2024A&A...684A..69G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348012.
  14. ↑ "Pluto Got Demoted 20 Years Ago. We're Still Not Sure What a Planet Really Is". Science. 2026-08-24. Retrieved 2026-08-24.

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