Shipibo language

[[:File:Himno nacional del Perú en shipibo.ogg|]]

National Anthem of Peru in Shipibo

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Shipibo (also Shipibo-Conibo, Shipibo-Konibo) is a Panoan language spoken in Peru and Brazil by approximately 26,000 speakers. Shipibo is a recognized indigenous language of Peru.

Shipibo has three attested dialects:

• Shipibo and Konibo (Conibo), which have merged
• Kapanawa of the Tapiche River, which is obsolescent

Extinct Xipináwa (Shipinawa) is thought to have been a dialect as well, but there is no linguistic data.

• /i/ and /o/ are lower than their cardinal counterparts (in addition to being more front in the latter case): [i̞], [o̽], /ɯ/ is more front than cardinal [ɯ]: [ɯ̟], whereas /a/ is more close and more central [ɐ] than cardinal [a]. The first three vowels tend to be somewhat more central in closed syllables, whereas /ɯ/ before coronal consonants (especially /n, t, s/) can be as central as [ɨ].
• In connected speech, two adjacent vowels may be realized as a rising diphthong.

• The oral vowels /i, ɯ, o, a/ are phonetically nasalized [ĩ, ɯ̃, õ, ã] after a nasal consonant, but the phonological behaviour of these allophones is different from the nasal vowel phonemes /ĩ, ɯ̃, õ, ã/.
• Oral vowels in syllables preceding syllables with nasal vowels are realized as nasal, but not when a consonant other than /w, j/ intervenes.

• The second one of the two adjacent unstressed vowels is often deleted.
• Unstressed vowels may be devoiced or even elided between two voiceless obstruents.

• /m, p, β/ are bilabial, whereas /w/ is labialized velar.
  • /β/ is most typically a fricative [β], but other realizations (such as an approximant [β̞], a stop [b] and an affricate [bβ]) also appear. The stop realization is most likely to appear in word-initial stressed syllables, whereas the approximant realization appears most often as onsets to non-initial unstressed syllables.
• /n, ts, s/ are alveolar [n, ts, s], whereas /t/ is dental [t̪].
• The /ʂ–ʃ/ distinction can be described as an apical–laminal one.
• /k/ is velar, whereas /j/ is palatal.
• Before nasal vowels, /w, j/ are nasalized [w̃, j̃] and may be even realized close to nasal stops [ŋʷ, ɲ].
• /w/ is realized as [w] before /a, ã/, as [ɥ] before /i, ĩ/ and as [ɰ] before /ɯ, ɯ̃/. It does not occur before /o, õ/.
• /ɻ/ is a very variable sound:
  • Intervocalically, it is realized either as continuant, with or without weak frication ([ɻ] or [ʐ]).
  • Sometimes (especially in the beginning of a stressed syllable) it can be realized as a postalveolar affricate [d̠͡z̠], or a stop-approximant sequence [d̠ɹ̠].
  • It can also be realized as a postalveolar flap [ɾ̠].

• Shipibo-Conibo at Ethnologue
• Lengua Shipibo at Proel
• Shipibo-Conibo (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)