Henry Fane (British Army officer)

General
Sir Henry Fane
GCB
Born26 November 1778
Died24 March 1840 (aged 61)
At sea, off São Miguel Island
Military career
AllegianceUnited Kingdom United Kingdom
Branch
 British Army
Service years
1792–1840
Rank
General
Commands1st Dragoon Guards
6th (Light) Brigade, Anglo-Portuguese Army
2nd Brigade, 3rd Division
Independent Cavalry Brigade
II Corps cavalry
Army of Occupation of France cavalry
Indian Army
Conflicts
Irish Rebellion of 1798
Peninsular War
First Anglo-Afghan War
AwardsKnight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Army Gold Cross with 4 clasps
Other workMember of Parliament
Mural monument of Sir Henry Fane, St Nicholas' Church, Fulbeck
Arms of Fane, Earls of Westmorland: Azure, three dexter gauntlets back affrontée or
Arms of Fane of Fulbeck (as Fane, Earls of Westmorland) in a stained glass window in Fulbeck Church, Lincolnshire

General Sir Henry Fane GCB (26 November 1778 – 24 March 1840) commanded brigades under Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington during several battles during the Peninsular War, and served both as a member of Parliament and Commander-in-Chief of India.

Origins

He was the eldest son of Hon. Henry Fane (d.1802), of Fulbeck Hall, Lincolnshire, younger son of Thomas Fane, 8th Earl of Westmorland.

Military career

Fane joined the 6th Dragoon Guards as a cornet in 1792 and served as aide-de-camp to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, John Fane, before obtaining a lieutenancy in the 55th Regiment of Foot. He was promoted to captain-lieutenant in the 4th Dragoons in 1795; to major the following year and to lieutenant-colonel in 1797, subsequently serving throughout the rebellion that year. On 1 January 1805, following his removal to the lieutenant-colonency of the 1st King's Dragoon Guards, he was appointed aide-de-camp to King George III, which made him a colonel in the army.

Peninsular War

As a brigadier general, Fane commanded a brigade in Wellesley's army at the Battle of Vimeiro in August 1808. His brigade, which included the 1/50th West Kents, 5/60th Royal Americans, and four companies of the 2/95th Rifles, took a key part in repelling the French frontal attacks on Vimeiro village.

During Sir John Moore's expedition in Spain, Fane commanded the 2nd Brigade (1/38th 1st Staffordshire, 1/79th Cameron Highlanders, 1/82nd Prince of Wales Volunteers Foot) in Alexander Mackenzie Fraser's 3rd Division. The 3rd Division was present but not engaged at the Battle of Corunna in January 1809.

Fane missed the Second Battle of Porto, since his heavy cavalry brigade (3rd Prince of Wales Dragoon Guards, 4th Queen's Own Dragoons) was guarding the Portuguese frontier at Abrantes. While commanding the same brigade, he fought at the Battle of Talavera in July 1809.

On 13 May 1810, Fane transferred to command a brigade that included the 13th Light Dragoons and four Portuguese mounted regiments. He was present at the Battle of Bussaco, while attached to Rowland Hill's 2nd Division. He went home ill before the end of 1810.

On 24 April 1813, Fane was promoted to major general on the staff. Posted to command a brigade consisting of the 3rd Dragoon Guards and the 1st Royal Dragoons on 20 May, he fought at the Battle of Vitoria in June. In that battle, his cavalry fought with Hill's Right Column, being lightly engaged.

During late 1813, Wellington sent most of his cavalry to the rear since they were almost useless in the rough terrain of the Pyrenees. In January 1814, Fane transferred to lead a brigade that included the 13th and 14th Light Dragoons. There is evidence that Fane effectively commanded both his old and new brigades in the final battles in southern France. Wellington called his cavalry forward in February, his light cavalry arriving first. Fane's brigade fought at the Battle of Orthez and was present at the Battle of Toulouse in April.

For his Peninsula service, Fane was awarded the Army Gold Cross with one clasp for the battles of Vimeiro, Corunna, Talavera, Vitoria, and Orthez.

Later career

He was made a KCB in 1815 and a GCB in 1826. Fane sat as MP for Lyme Regis in 1802–1816, MP for Sandwich in 1829–1830 and MP for Hastings in 1830–1831. He was named Commander-in-Chief of India in 1835.

He died on 24 March 1840, aged 61. His tomb in Fulbeck was designed by Edward Hodges Baily.

Mistress and illegitimate issue

Fane formed a "strong attachment" to Isabella Gorges, a daughter of Hamilton Gorges, and since 1791 the wife of Edward Cooke, described in his will as "of Avon" (i.e. Avon Tyrrell, Sopley, Hampshire). From 1801 Fane and Mrs Cooke lived together as man and wife, and had six illegitimate children, of which three survived infancy:

Arms of Fane of Boyton, illegitimate issue of Gen. Henry Fane: Argent, on a fess azure three dexter gauntlets appaumy or, a differenced version of Fane, Earl of Westmorland

References

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Philippart 1820, p. 25.
  2. ↑ Zimmermann, p 33
  3. ↑ Smith, p 278
  4. ↑ Glover, p 373-4
  5. ↑ Oman, p 346
  6. ↑ Oman, p 367
  7. ↑ Smith, p 430
  8. ↑ Oman, p 372
  9. ↑ Glover, p 313
  10. ↑ Smith, p 518
  11. ↑ Urban, Sylvanus: The Gentleman's Magazine, vol 4, p 426. William Pickering
  12. ↑ Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660–1851 by Rupert Gunnis
  13. ↑ Fisher, David R. "FANE, Sir Henry (1778-1840), of Fulbeck, nr. Grantham, Lincs. and Avon Tyrell, Hants". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  14. ↑ Source: his will, copy held by Lincolnshire Archives, 1 FANE 4/8. He is stated erroneously in some otherwise reputable biographies to have died without progeny
  15. ↑ Debrett's Peerage, 2015, p. 258, Baron Clinton (Fane-Trefusis)
  16. ↑ Per his will, Lincolnshire Archives, 1 FANE 5/37/2
  17. 1 2 Per will of sister Isabella Fane (d.1880)
  18. ↑ Per her will, Lincolnshire Archives, 1 FANE 5/26/1
  19. ↑ Miss Fane in India, edited by John Pemble, Allan Sutton Publishing Ltd 1985, p. 4.
  20. ↑ Stephens, H. M. (23 September 2004). "Fane, Sir Henry (1778–1840), army officer". In Lunt, James (ed.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9133. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 17 August 2023. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
  21. ↑ Howell, Danny. "Church And Churchyard Memorials At St. Denys, Warminster, Recorded in 1882". Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  22. ↑ "Warminster: Church". A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 8. Victoria County History. University of London. 1965. pp. 117–124. Retrieved 10 February 2022 – via British History Online.
  23. 1 2 Foster, Joseph (1888–1891). "Fane, Arthur" . Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886. Oxford: James Parker – via Wikisource. p. 445