Kwalhioqua–Clatskanie language

Kwalhioqua–Clatskanie
Kwalhioqua–Clatskanie
Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai
Native to	United States
Region	Washington
Ethnicity	Kwalhioqua–Clatskanie people
Extinct	c. 1910
Language family	Na-Dené Athabaskan–Eyak Athabaskan Northern Kwalhioqua–Clatskanie; ; ; ;
Dialects	Kwalhioqua; Clatskanie;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	qwt
Glottolog	kwal1258

Kwalhioqua–Clatskanie (Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai, Lower Columbia Athabaskan) is an extinct Athabaskan language of northwest Oregon and southwest Washington state, along the lower Columbia River. It was documented in the early 20th century, and a wordlist was compiled, consisting of some 322 words.

Dialects

Dialects were:

Kwalhioqua (a.k.a. Willapa or Willoopah) (north of the lower Columbia River)
- Willapa or Wela'pakote'li subdialect
- Suwal subdialect
Clatskanie (a.k.a. Tlatskanai) (south of the lower Columbia River)

Linguistic features

Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie was likely most closely related to Tsilhqotʼin or Babine-Witsuwitʼen, the latter of which is unique, along with Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie, in having a certain sound change from Proto-Athabaskan.^: 48 Other sound changes into Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie are unique in the family, and have helped Michael E. Krauss reconstruct forms for the Proto-Athabaskan fricative series.^: 3

Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie had an optional distributive plural according to David Beck. It had a decimal number system, a feature it shared with Athabaskan languages of southern Alaska, Oregon, and California.^: 31 Numerals for both dialects (Kwalhioqua and Clatskanie) were collected by Horatio Hale in 1840.^: 41

References

↑ Moseley, Christopher; Asher, Ronald E. (1994). Atlas of the world's languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-01925-5.
↑ Boas, Franz; Goddard, Pliny E. (July 1924). "Vocabulary of an Athapascan Dialect of the State of Washington". International Journal of American Linguistics. 3 (1): 39–45. doi:10.1086/463748. ISSN 0020-7071.
1 2 Krauss, Michael E. (1976b). "Proto-Athabaskan–Eyak fricatives and the first person singular" (PDF). CA961K1977a.
↑ Beck, David (2000). "Grammatical Convergence and the Genesis of Diversity in the Northwest Coast Sprachbund". Anthropological Linguistics. 42 (2): 159. JSTOR 30028547.
1 2 Dosch Hymes, Virginia (1955). "Athapaskan Numeral Systems". International Journal of American Linguistics. 21 (1): 26–45. JSTOR 1263211.

[1] Moseley, Christopher; Asher, Ronald E. (1994). Atlas of the world's languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-01925-5.

[2] Boas, Franz; Goddard, Pliny E. (July 1924). "Vocabulary of an Athapascan Dialect of the State of Washington". International Journal of American Linguistics. 3 (1): 39–45. doi:10.1086/463748. ISSN 0020-7071.

[krauss-3] 1 2 Krauss, Michael E. (1976b). "Proto-Athabaskan–Eyak fricatives and the first person singular" (PDF). CA961K1977a.

[4] Beck, David (2000). "Grammatical Convergence and the Genesis of Diversity in the Northwest Coast Sprachbund". Anthropological Linguistics. 42 (2): 159. JSTOR 30028547.

[dhymes-5] 1 2 Dosch Hymes, Virginia (1955). "Athapaskan Numeral Systems". International Journal of American Linguistics. 21 (1): 26–45. JSTOR 1263211.