Warluwarra language

Warluwarra
Warluwarra
Native to	Australia
Region	Queensland
Ethnicity	Waluwara
Extinct	after 2005
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Ngarna South Warluwarra; ; ;
Dialects	Warluwara; Kapula; Parnkarra;
Signed forms	Warluwara Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3	wrb
Glottolog	warl1256
AIATSIS	G10
ELP	Warluwarra

Warluwarra is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland. Waluwarra (also known as Warluwarra, Walugara, and Walukara) is the traditional language region in the local government area of Shire of Boulia, including Walgra Station and Wolga, from Roxborough Downs north to Carandotta Station and Urandangi on the Georgina River, on Moonah Creek to Rochedale, south-east of Pituri Creek.

Sign

	Labial	Velar	Dental	Lamino- alveolar	Apico- alveolar	Retroflex
Voiceless stop	p	k	t̪	t̠ʲ	t	ʈ
Voiced stop	b	ɡ	d̪	d̠ʲ	d	ɖ
Nasal	m	ŋ	n̪	n̠ʲ	n	ɳ
Lateral			l̪	l̠ʲ	l	ɭ
Flap					ɾ
Glide	w	ɰ		j		ɻ

Sounds /t̠ʲ, d̠ʲ, n̠ʲ, l̠ʲ/ are also commonly articulated as laminal [t̻ʲ, d̻ʲ, n̻ʲ, l̻ʲ].
/t̠ʲ/ may also be heard as a palatal stop [c] in free variation.
/ɻ/ can also be heard as a non-sibilant fricative [ɻ˔] when in between two front /i/ vowels.
/j/ can also be heard as voiceless [j̊] or fricative [ç] within voiceless syllable positions. It may also be heard as a voiced fricative [ʝ] when in between two front /i/ vowels.

	Front	Central	Back
High	i, iː		u, uː
Low		a, aː

1 2 G10 Warluwarra at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
↑ "Glottolog 5.1 - Warluwara". glottolog.org. Retrieved 10 February 2025.
↑ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Waluwarra". Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
↑ Kendon, A. (1988) Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Breen, J. G. (1971). A description of the Warluwara language. MA thesis, Monash University.
Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Roth, Walter E. (1897). The expression of ideas by manual signs: a sign-language. (p. 273–301) Reprinted from Roth, W.E. Ethnological studies among the North-West-Central Queensland Aborigines. London, Queensland Agent-Generals Information Office, 1897; 71–90; Information collected from the following tribes; Pitta-Pitta, Boinji, Ulaolinya, Wonkajera, Walookera [= Warluwarra], Undekerebina, Kalkadoon, Mitakoodi, Woonamurra, Goa. Reprinted (1978) in Aboriginal sign languages of the Americas and Australia. New York: Plenum Press, vol. 2.