Isaacs went on to Harvard University for graduate study. He received a master's degree in 1961,
and completed his PhD in 1964. His thesis was advised by Richard Brauer, and was titled Finite -solvable linear groups. After a few years at the University of Chicago as an instructor and visiting assistant professor, Isaacs moved to the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1969. He was hired as an associate professor, and promoted to full professor in 1971. According to the Mathematics Genealogy Project, he supervised 29 doctoral students over his career.
In 2011, Isaacs retired and became a professor emeritus. In retirement, he lived in Berkeley, California and was an occasional participant on MathOverflow. Near the end of his life, he endowed a prize for "Excellence in Mathematical Writing," first awarded in 2025.
Work
Isaacs is known as the author of graduate-level textbooks on character theory and group theory. His book Character Theory of Finite Groups has been described as a classic in the field.
Isaacs is also known for formulating the Isaacs–Navarro conjecture along with Gabriel Navarro, a widely cited generalization of the McKay conjecture.
Personal life
Isaacs was seriously injured in an automobile accident in France in 1964, shortly after receiving his PhD. The accident left him scarred and disabled.
Isaacs, I. Martin (1976). Character Theory of Finite Groups. Academic Press. ISBN0123745500. (reprinted by Dover Publications in 1994, reprinted by the American Mathematical Society in 2006 ISBN0821842293)
Isaacs, I. Martin (1994). Algebra: A Graduate Course. Brooks Cole. ISBN0534190022. (reprinted by the American Mathematical Society in 2009 ISBN0821847996)
Isaacs, I. Martin (2001). Geometry for College Students. Pure and Applied Mathematics 8. Brooks Cole. ISBN0534351794. (reprinted by the American Mathematical Society in 2009 ISBN0821847945)