List of political parties in India

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.

India has a multi-party system, and the Election Commission of India (ECI) grants recognition to national-level and state-level political parties based on objective criteria. A recognised political party enjoys privileges such as a reserved party symbol, free broadcast time on state-run television and radio, consultation in deciding election dates, and giving input in setting electoral rules and regulations. Other political parties wishing to contest local, state, or national elections must be registered with the ECI. Registered parties can be upgraded to recognized national or state parties by the ECI if they meet the relevant criteria after a Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election. The ECI periodically reviews the recognized party status.

Before the amendment in 2016 (which came into force on 1 January 2014), if a political party failed to fulfill the criteria in the subsequent Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election, it would lose its status as a recognized party. In 2016, the ECI announced that a periodic review would take place after two consecutive elections instead of after every election. Therefore, a political party will retain its recognized party status even if it does not meet the criteria in the next election. However, if it fails to meet the criteria in the election following the next one, it would lose its status.

As per latest publications dated 23 March 2024 from Election Commission of India, and subsequent notifications, there are 6 national parties, 60 state parties, and 2,049 registered unrecognized parties (RUPP) in India. All registered parties contesting elections need to choose a symbol from a list of available symbols offered by the ECI. All 29 states of the country and the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, National Capital Territory of Delhi, and Puducherry have elected legislatures unless President's rule is imposed under certain conditions.

National parties

Criteria for recognition

A registered party is recognised as a national party only if it fulfills any one of the three conditions listed below:

List of National parties

Recognised national parties
Aam Aadmi Party Bahujan Samaj Party Bharatiya Janata Party
Founded Founded Founded
26 November 2012
(13 years ago)		 14 April 1984
(42 years ago)		 6 April 1980
(46 years ago)
Flag Flag Flag
Electoral Symbol Electoral Symbol Electoral Symbol
Political Position Political Position Political Position
Centre Centre-left Right-wing to far-right
Ideology Ideology Ideology
Populism
Secularism
Nationalism		 Ambedkarism
Social justice		 Hindutva
Right-wing populism
Conservatism
Neo-liberalism
Neo-fascism
Leader Leader Leader
Arvind Kejriwal Mayawati Nitin Nabin
Number of Elected Representatives Number of Elected Representatives Number of Elected Representatives
Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha
3 / 543
3 / 245
0 / 543
0 / 245
240 / 543
117 / 245
State Assemblies State Councils State Assemblies State Councils State Assemblies State Councils
121 / 4,123
0 / 426
3 / 4,123
0 / 426
1,812 / 4,123
174 / 426
Communist Party of India (Marxist) Indian National Congress National People's Party
Founded Founded Founded
7 December 1964
(61 years ago)		 28 December 1885
(140 years ago)		 6 January 2013
(13 years ago)
Flag Flag Flag
Electoral Symbol Electoral Symbol Electoral Symbol
Political Position Political Position Political Position
Left-wing Centre Centre-right
Ideology Ideology Ideology
Marxism-Leninism
Socialism
Secularism
Revolutionary patriotism
Anti-imperialism		 Civic nationalism
Secularism
Liberalism
Social democracy		 Conservatism
Regionalism
Leader Leader Leader
Marian Alexander Baby Mallikarjun Kharge Conrad Sangma
Number of Elected Representatives Number of Elected Representatives Number of Elected Representatives
Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha
4 / 543
3 / 245
98 / 543
29 / 245
0 / 543
1 / 245
State Assemblies State Councils State Assemblies State Councils State Assemblies State Councils
43 / 4,123
0 / 426
632 / 4,123
60 / 426
49 / 4,123
0 / 426

State parties

Criteria for recognition

A registered party is recognised as a state party only if it fulfils any one of the five conditions listed below:

List of state parties

Recognised state parties
Party Flag Election
symbol		 Founded Leader(s) Recognised in state(s) Number of seats
Lok
Sabha
of 543		 Rajya
Sabha
of 245		 State
assemblies
of 4123		 State
councils
of 426
State party in three states
Communist Party of India 1925 D. Raja Kerala
Manipur
Tamil Nadu		 2 2 22 1
Janata Dal (Secular) 1999 H. D. Deve Gowda
H. D. Kumaraswamy		 Arunachal Pradesh
Karnataka
Kerala		 2 1 18 8
Janata Dal (United) 2003 Nitish Kumar Arunachal Pradesh
Bihar
Manipur		 12 4 87 26
Nationalist Congress Party 1999 Sunetra Pawar Maharashtra
Nagaland
Arunachal Pradesh		 1 3 44 8
State party in two states
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Two Leaves 1972 Edappadi K. Palaniswami Puducherry
Tamil Nadu		 0 4 42 0
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1949 M. K. Stalin Puducherry
Tamil Nadu		 22 10 59 0
Naga People's Front 1963 Neiphiu Rio Manipur
Nagaland		 0 0 39 0
Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar 2024 Sharad Pawar Maharashtra
Nagaland		 8 2 12 3
Rashtriya Janata Dal 1997 Lalu Prasad Yadav
Tejashwi Yadav		 Bihar
Jharkhand		 4 5 81 5
Telugu Desam Party 1982 N. Chandrababu Naidu Andhra Pradesh
Telangana		 16 2 135 10
YSR Congress Party 2011 Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy Andhra Pradesh
Telangana		 4 7 11 35
Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam 2024 C. Joseph Vijay Puducherry
Tamil Nadu		 0 0 111 0
State party in one state
All India Forward Bloc 1939 Debabrata Biswas West Bengal 0 0 0 0
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen kite 1927 Asaduddin Owaisi Telangana 1 0 10 2
All India N.R. Congress 2011 N. Rangaswamy Puducherry 0 0 10 0
All India United Democratic Front 2005 Badruddin Ajmal Assam 0 0 15 0
All Jharkhand Students Union 1986 Sudesh Mahto Jharkhand 1 0 1 0
Apna Dal (Soneylal) 2016 Anupriya Patel Uttar Pradesh 2 0 12 1
Asom Gana Parishad 1985 Atul Bora Assam 0 1 9 0
Bharat Adivasi Party 2023 Rajkumar Roat Rajasthan 1 0 5 0
Bharat Rashtra Samithi 2001 K. Chandrashekar Rao Telangana 0 4 39 19
Biju Janata Dal 1997 Naveen Patnaik Odisha 0 7 51 0
Bodoland People's Front 2005 Hagrama Mohilary Assam 0 0 3 0
Citizen Action Party – Sikkim Ganesh Kumar Rai Sikkim
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation 1974 Dipankar Bhattacharya Bihar 2 0 13 1
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam 2005 Premallatha Vijayakant Tamil Nadu 0 0 0 0
Goa Forward Party 2016 Vijai Sardesai Goa 0 0 1 0
Hill State People's Democratic Party 1968 KP Pangniang Meghalaya 0 0 2 0
Indian National Lok Dal 1996 Abhay Singh Chautala Haryana 0 0 2 0
Indian Union Muslim League 1948 Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal Kerala 3 2 24 0
Indigenous People's Front of Tripura 2009 Prem Kumar Reang Tripura 0 0 1 0
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 1932 Farooq Abdullah
Omar Abdullah		 Jammu and Kashmir 2 3 42 0
Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party 1982 Harsh Dev Singh Jammu and Kashmir 0 0 0 0
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party 1999 Mehbooba Mufti Jammu and Kashmir 0 0 3 0
Janasena Party 2014 Pawan Kalyan Andhra Pradesh 2 0 21 2
Jannayak Janta Party 2018 Dushyant Chautala Haryana 0 0 0 0
Janta Congress Chhattisgarh 2016 Renu Jogi Chhattisgarh 0 0 0 0
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 1972 Hemant Soren Jharkhand 3 2 34 0
Kerala Congress 1964 P. J. Joseph Kerala 1 0 7 0
Kerala Congress (M) 1979 Jose K. Mani Kerala 0 1 0 0
Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) 2021 Chirag Paswan Bihar 5 0 3 0
Maharashtra Navnirman Sena 2006 Raj Thackeray Maharashtra 0 0 0 0
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party 1963 Deepak Dhavalikar Goa 0 0 2 0
Naam Tamilar Katchi 1958 Seeman Tamil Nadu 0 0 0 0
Mizo National Front 1961 Zoramthanga Mizoram 0 0 10 0
People's Party of Arunachal 1977 Kamen Ringu Arunachal Pradesh 0 0 1 0
Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party 2021 Pashupati Kumar Paras Bihar 0 0 0 0
Rashtriya Loktantrik Party 2018 Hanuman Beniwal Rajasthan 1 0 0 0
Revolutionary Goans Party 2022 Viresh Borkar Goa 0 0 1 0
Revolutionary Socialist Party 1940 Manoj Bhattacharya Kerala 1 0 3 0
Samajwadi Party 1992 Akhilesh Yadav Uttar Pradesh 37 4 112 9
Shiromani Akali Dal 1920 Sukhbir Singh Badal Punjab 1 0 3 0
Sikkim Democratic Front 1993 Pawan Kumar Chamling Sikkim 0 0 0 0
Sikkim Krantikari Morcha 2013 Prem Singh Tamang Sikkim 1 0 32 0
Shiv Sena 2022 Eknath Shinde Maharashtra 7 1 59 8
Shiv Sena (UBT) 2022 Uddhav Thackeray Maharashtra 9 2 20 6
Tipra Motha Party 2019 Pradyot Bikram Manikya Deb Barma Tripura 0 0 13 0
United Democratic Party 1997 Metbah Lyngdoh Meghalaya 0 0 11 0
United People's Party Liberal 2015 Urkhao Gwra Brahma Assam 1 1 7 0
Voice of the People Party 2021 Ardent Miller Basaiawmoit Meghalaya 1 0 4 0
Zoram Nationalist Party 1997 H. Lalrinmawia Mizoram 0 0 0 0
Zoram People's Movement 2017 Lalduhoma Mizoram 1 1 27 0

Unrecognised parties

Notable registered unrecognised political parties (RUPPs)
Party Founded Leader(s) States
Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha 1915 Chakrapani All-India
All India Hindustan Congress Party 2015 Buddh Prakash Sharma Gujarat
Rajasthan
All India Mahila Empowerment Party 2017 Nowhera Shaik Telangana
Karnataka
Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam 2018 T. T. V. Dhinakaran Tamil Nadu
Amra Bangali 1983 Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar West Bengal
Tripura
Azad Adhikar Sena 2022 Amitabh Thakur, Nutan Thakur Uttar Pradesh
Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram) 2020 Chanda Shekhar Azad Uttar Pradesh
Bahujan Mukti Party 2012 Pravendra Pratap Singh Uttar Pradesh
Maharashtra
Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh 1983 Sundar Shaekhar Maharashtra
Democratic Trinamool Congress 2026 Ritabrata Banerjee West Bengal
Gorkha Janmukti Morcha 2007 Bimal Gurung West Bengal
Goa Suraksha Manch 2016 Subhash Velingkar Goa
Gondwana Ganatantra Party 1991 Tuleshwar Hira Singh Markam Chhattisgarh
Jharkhand
Maharashtra
Hindu Sena 2011 Vishnu Gupta New Delhi
Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular) 2015 Jitan Ram Manjhi Bihar
Indiya Jananayaka Katchi 2010 T. R. Paarivendhar Tamil Nadu
Indian Gandhiyan Party 2012 Aashin U S Kerala
Indian Secular Front 2021 Naushad Siddiqui West Bengal
Ittehad-e-Millat Council 2001 Tawqir Raza Khan Uttar Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party 2020 Altaf Bukhari Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party 2020 Mir Junaid Jammu and Kashmir
Jan Shakti Party of India 2015 Gurjeet Singh Azad Punjab
Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik) 2018 Raghuraj Pratap Singh Uttar Pradesh
Jan Suraaj Party 2024 Prashant Kishor Bihar
Jharkhand Loktantrik Krantikari Morcha 2024 Jairam Kumar Mahato Jharkhand
Karnataka Rashtra Samithi 2019 Ravi Krishna Reddy Karnataka
Kerala Congress (B) 1989 K. B. Ganesh Kumar Kerala
Kerala Congress (Jacob) 1991 Anoop Jacob Kerala
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi 2013 E. R. Eswaran Tamil Nadu
Kongunadu Makkal Katchi 2000 A. M. Raja Tamil Nadu
Lok Satta Party 2006 Jaya Prakash Narayana Andhra Pradesh
Telangana
Lok Insaaf Party 2019 Simarjit Singh Bains Punjab
Makkal Needhi Maiam 2018 Kamal Haasan Tamil Nadu
Puducherry
Mamata All India Trinamool Congress 2026 Mamata Banerjee West Bengal
Meghalaya
Assam
Manipur Peoples Party 1968 Sovakiran N. Manipur
Manithaneya Makkal Katchi 2009 M. H. Jawahirullah Tamil Nadu
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1992 Vaiko Tamil Nadu
NISHAD Party 2016 Sanjay Nishad Uttar Pradesh
Odisha Jan Morcha 2013 Pyarimohan Mohapatra Odisha
Param Digvijay Dal 2014 Krishna Mohan Shankar Yogi Uttar Pradesh
Pattali Makkal Katchi 1989 S. Ramadoss Puducherry
Tamil Nadu
Peace Party 2008 Mohamed Ayub Uttar Pradesh
People's Democratic Alliance 2012 Bd. Behring Anal Manipur
People's Democratic Front 2001 Ajoy Biswas Tripura
Plurals Party 2020 Pushpam Priya Choudhary Bihar
Puthiya Tamilagam 1996 K. Krishnasamy Tamil Nadu
Raijor Dal 2020 Akhil Gogoi Assam
Rashtriya Lok Dal 1996 Jayant Chaudhary Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
Rashtriya Lok Morcha 2023 Upendra Kushwaha Bihar
Rashtriya Samaj Paksha 2003 Mahadev Jankar Maharashtra
Kerala
Rashtriya Ulama Council 2008 Aamir Rashadi Madni Uttar Pradesh
Republican Party of India (Athawale) 1999 Ramdas Athawale Manipur
Samata Party 1994 Uday Mandal Bihar
Manipur
Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar) 1994 Simranjit Singh Mann Punjab
Social Democratic Party of India 2009 M. K. Faizy Karnataka
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Socialist Party 2011 Thampan Thomas Uttar Pradesh
Socialist Unity Centre of India 1948 Provash Ghosh All-India
Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party 2002 Om Prakash Rajbhar Uttar Pradesh
Swaraj India 2016 Yogendra Yadav Haryana
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) 1996 G. K. Vasan Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu Kongu Ilaingar Peravai 2001 U. Thaniyarasu Tamil Nadu
Twenty 20 Party 2015 Sabu M. Jacob Kerala
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal 1979 Kashi Singh Airy Uttarakhand
Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi 2018 Prakash Yashwant Ambedkar Maharashtra
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi 1990 Thol. Thirumavalavan Tamil Nadu
Vikassheel Insaan Party 2018 Mukesh Sahani Bihar
Welfare Party of India 2011 S. Q. R. Ilyas Kerala

Historical parties

Party Flag Election symbol Leader(s) State(s) Ideology Founded Dissolved
Krishak Sramik Party A. K. Fazlul Haq Populism 1929 1947
Scheduled Castes Federation Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Social equality
Social justice		 1942 1957
Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress A. Nesamony 1945 1957
Socialist Party of India Jaya Prakash Narayan Socialism 1948 1952
Lok Sewak Sangh 1948 1971
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad Swami Karpatri Hindu nationalism 1948 1971
All India Ganatantra Parishad Rajendra Narayana Singh Deo Liberalism
Agrarianism		 1950 1962
Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party 1951 1954
Commonweal Party 1951 1954
People's Democratic Front Communism
Marxism–Leninism		 1951 1958
Krishikar Lok Party N. G. Ranga 1951 1959
Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party Regionalism 1951 1960
Bharatiya Jana Sangh Diya, a traditional oil lamp, was the symbol of the party Shyamaprasad Mukherjee Hindu nationalism
National conservatism		 1951 1977
Praja Socialist Party J. B. Kripalani Socialism 1952 1972
Swatantra Party Chakravarti Rajagopalachari Liberal conservatism
Secularism		 1959 1974
Samyukta Socialist Party George Fernandes Socialism 1964 1977
Bangla Congress Ajoy Mukherjee 1967 1971
Bharatiya Kranti Dal Charan Singh 1967 1974
Utkal Congress Biju Patnaik 1969 1974
Syndicate Congress K. Kamaraj 1969 1977
Pragati Legislature Party Biju Patnaik 1973 1974
Congress for Democracy Jagjivan Ram 1977 1977
Janata Party (Secular) or Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Party or Lokdal Charan Singh Secularism 1979 (JPE-S),
1984 (DMKP),
1980, 1985 (LD)		 1988
Indian Congress (Socialist) Sarat Chandra Sinha 1978 1986
Indian National Congress (U) D. Devaraj Urs 1979 1981
Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) Jagjivan Ram 1981 1988
Jan Morcha V. P. Singh 1987 1988
Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani Sivaji Ganesan 1988 1989
Janata Dal V. P. Singh 1988 1999
Lok Shakti Ramakrishna Hegde 1998 2003
All India Trinamool Congress Mamata Banerjee 1998 2026
Lok Janshakti Party Ramvilas Paswan 2000 2021
Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik) Pappu Yadav 2015 2024
Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party Neiphiu Rio 2018 2025
Makkal Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam V.C. Chandhirakumar Tamil Nadu 2016 2025

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ If a party was recognised as a national or state party, its symbol is reserved for its exclusive use in the country or in the state.
  2. 1 2 There were 60 state parties listed in publication issued by the Election Commission of India on 23 March 2024. However, two out of 60 parties (Rashtriya Lok Samta Party and People's Democratic Front) have merged with other parties. Additionally, the name and symbol of Lok Janshakti Party and Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party have been frozen due to dispute. In January 2025, Janasena Party was recognised as a state party. Naam Tamilar Katchi was recognised as a state party in May 2025.
  3. ↑ The criteria for getting recognised as “state party” are listed later.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Commission's Main Notification dated 15.05.2023 containing list of National Parties, their Symbols and addresses" (PDF). Election Commission of India. 15 May 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 List of State Parties (PDF). Election Commission of India (Report). 23 March 2024. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  3. ↑ "Upendra Kushwaha's Rashtriya Lok Samata Party merges with JD(U)". The Economic Times. 15 March 2021. ISSN 0013-0389. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  4. ↑ "PDF merges with ruling NPP in Meghalaya". The Economic Times. 7 May 2023. ISSN 0013-0389. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  5. ↑ "Lok Janshakti Party - Interim Order". Election Commission of India. 2 October 2021. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  6. ↑ "EC designates Jana Sena as 'recognised regional political party'". The Hindustan Times. 23 January 2025. Retrieved 15 October 2025.
  7. ↑ "NTK gets farmer as party's election symbol". The Hindu. 11 May 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
  8. ↑ "ECI recognises NTK as State Party, allots 'Farmer Carrying Plough' symbol". DT Next. 10 May 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2025.[dead link]
  9. 1 2 List of RUPPs (PDF). Election Commission of India (Report). 10 October 2025. Archived from the original on 3 March 2026. Retrieved 1 January 2026.
  10. 1 2 "The Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
  11. ↑ Lakshmi, Rama (3 February 2020). "No soft Hindutva, no Left Revolution, Kejriwal establishing a new centre in Indian politics". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
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  13. ↑
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  21. ↑
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  33. ↑ "Delhi Budget explained: Deshbhakti with 500 national flags, benefits for women and vision 2047". 10 March 2021. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  34. ↑ "अरविंद केजरीवाल ने इन 3 को बताया AAP की विचारधारा". 30 March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
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  36. 1 2 Shyam Singh, 2010. "Dalit Movement and Emergence of the Bahujan Samaj Party in Uttar Pradesh: Politics and Priorities," Working Papers 242, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore.
  37. 1 2 Chhibber, Pradeep. K.; Verma, Rahul (2018). Ideology and Identity: The Changing Party Systems of India. Oxford University Press. pp. 50–150. ISBN 978-0-19-062390-6. LCCN 2018001733. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
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  56. ↑ Choudhury, Shubhadeep (4 May 2020). "West Bengal has the highest mortality rate of COVID-19 patients: IMCT". The Tribune.
  57. ↑ Nandi, Proshanta (2005). "Communism through the Ballot Box: Over a Quarter Century of Uninterrupted Rule in West Bengal". Sociological Bulletin. 54 (2): 171–194. doi:10.1177/0038022920050202. ISSN 0038-0229. JSTOR 23620496. S2CID 157014751.
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