Foreign relations of Sweden

The foreign policy of Sweden was formerly based on the premise that national security is best served by staying free of alliances in peacetime in order to remain a neutral country in the event of war, with this policy lasting from 1814 in the context of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars until the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine. In 2002, Sweden revised its security doctrine. The security doctrine at that point still stated that "Sweden pursues a policy of non-participation in military alliances," but permitted cooperation in response to threats against peace and security. The government also seeks to maintain Sweden's high standard of living. These two objectives required heavy expenditures for social welfare, defence spending at rates considered low by Western European standards (around 1.2% of GNP prior to 2022), and close attention to foreign trade opportunities and world economic cooperation. In 2024, Sweden formally became part of a military alliance for the first time since the end of the War of the Sixth Coalition by joining NATO.

United Nations

Sweden has been a member of the United Nations since November 19, 1946, and participates actively in the activities of the organization, including as an elected member of the Security Council (1957–1958, 1975–1976, 1997–1998 and 2017–2018), providing Dag Hammarskjöld as the second elected Secretary-General of the UN, etc. The strong interest of the Swedish Government and people in international cooperation and peacemaking has been supplemented in the early 1980s by renewed attention to Nordic and European security questions.

Sweden decided not to sign the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.

European Union

  EU members in 1995
  Sweden, Austria and Finland

After the then Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson had submitted Sweden's application in July 1991 the negotiations began in February 1993. Finally, on January 1, 1995, Sweden became a member of the European Union. While some argued that it went against Sweden's historic policy of neutrality, where Sweden had not joined during the Cold War because it was seen as incompatible with neutrality, others viewed the move as a natural extension of the economic cooperation that had been going on since 1972 with the EU.[citation needed] Sweden addressed this controversy by reserving the right not to participate in any future EU defence alliance. In membership negotiations in 1993–1994, Sweden also had reserved the right to make the final decision on whether to join the third stage of the EMU "in light of continued developments." In a nationwide referendum in November 1994, 52.3 percent of participants voted in favour of EU membership. Voter turnout was high, 83.3 percent of the eligible voters voted. The main Swedish concerns included winning popular support for EU cooperation, EU enlargement, and strengthening the EU in areas such as economic growth, job promotion, and environmental issues.

In polls taken a few years after the referendum, many Swedes indicated that they were unhappy with Sweden's membership in the EU. However, after Sweden successfully hosted its first presidency of the EU in the first half of 2001, most Swedes today have a more positive attitude towards the EU. The government, with the support of the Center Party, decided in spring 1997 to remain outside of the EMU, at least until 2002. A referendum was held on September 14, 2003. The results were 55.9% for no, 42.0% yes and 2.1% giving no answer ("blank vote").

Nordic Council

Swedish foreign policy has been the result of a wide consensus. Sweden cooperates closely with its Nordic neighbors, formally in economic and social matters through the Nordic Council of Ministers and informally in political matters through direct consultation.

Nonalignment

Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Löfven with Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, February 11, 2017

Swedish neutrality and nonalignment policy in peacetime may partly explain how the country could stay out of wars since 1814. Swedish governments have not defined nonalignment as precluding outspoken positions in international affairs. Government leaders have favored national liberation movements that enjoy broad support among developing world countries, with notable attention to Africa. During the Cold War, Sweden was suspicious of the superpowers, which it saw as making decisions affecting small countries without always consulting those countries. With the end of the Cold War, that suspicion has lessened somewhat, although Sweden still chooses to remain nonaligned. Sweden has devoted particular attention to issues of disarmament, arms control, and nuclear nonproliferation and has contributed importantly to UN and other international peacekeeping efforts, including the NATO-led peacekeeping forces in the Balkans. It sat as an observer in the Western European Union from 1995 to 2011, but it is not an active member of NATO's Partnership for Peace and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council.

Sweden's engagement with NATO was especially strengthened during the term of Anders Fogh Rasmussen.

Sweden's nonalignment policy has led it to serve as the protecting power for a number of nations who don't have formal diplomatic relations with each other for various reasons. It currently represents the United States, Canada, and several Western European nations in North Korea for consular matters. On several occasions when the United Kingdom broke off relations with Iran (including the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the Salman Rushdie affair, and the 2011 storming of the British embassy in Tehran), Sweden served as the protecting power for the UK.

In May 2022, Sweden formally applied to join the NATO alliance. The public opinion in the Nordic region had changed in favour of joining NATO since Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24 of the same year.

Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said in March 2022 that her government would have to respond if Sweden became a NATO member. However, in June 2022 President Vladimir Putin contradicted the statement, claiming that Sweden and Finland can "join whatever they want" on the condition that there will be no NATO military deployment in either country.

In March 2024, Sweden officially ended this period of nonalignment when it joined NATO.

Military

Sweden has employed its military on numerous occasions since the end of the Cold War, from Bosnia and Congo to Afghanistan and Libya. According to one study, "this military activism is driven both by the Swedish internationalist tradition of "doing good" in the world, but also for instrumental purposes. These include a desire for political influence in international institutions, an interest in collective milieu shaping, and a concern to improve the interoperability and effectiveness of the Swedish military."

Participation in international organizations

Multilateral

Organization Formal relations began Notes
European Union See 1995 enlargement of the European Union

Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995.

NATO See Sweden–NATO relations

Sweden joined NATO as a full member on 7 March 2024.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Sweden maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1 Denmark 6 June 1523
2 France October 1541
3 Spain 29 June 1578
4 Netherlands 5 May 1614
5 Portugal 10 June 1641
6 United Kingdom 23 December 1653
7 Russia 15 March 1722
8 United States 29 April 1818
9 Brazil 5 January 1826
10 Greece 5 February 1833
11 Belgium 25 February 1837
12 Venezuela 5 September 1839
13 Argentina 3 January 1846
14 Italy 27 March 1862
15 Japan 11 January 1868
16 Thailand 18 May 1868
17 Colombia 11 December 1874
18 El Salvador 1 October 1876
19 Mexico 29 July 1885
20 Chile 14 June 1895
21 Iran 5 September 1897
22 Cuba 30 September 1902
23 Norway 18 November 1905
24 Uruguay 6 August 1906
25 Bulgaria 6 July 1914
26  Switzerland 3 September 1915
27 Romania 18 March 1916
28 Serbia 1 November 1917
29 Finland 10 January 1918
30 Poland 2 August 1919
31 Austria 10 January 1920
32 Hungary 12 November 1920
33 Czech Republic 20 November 1920
34 Egypt 25 November 1922
35 Luxembourg 25 January 1923
36 Paraguay 24 February 1923
37 Turkey 1 August 1925
38 Guatemala 9 December 1930
39 Peru 1 January 1931
40 Ecuador 21 September 1931
41 Bolivia 2 February 1932
42 Iraq 18 May 1934
43 South Africa 30 November 1934
44 Honduras 10 January 1936
45 Nicaragua 10 January 1936
46 Panama 3 July 1937
47 Costa Rica 26 November 1937
48 Iceland 27 July 1940
49 Afghanistan 22 November 1940
50 Haiti 31 March 1941
51 Dominican Republic 16 July 1942
52 Canada 2 July 1943
53 Ethiopia 27 December 1945
54 Lebanon 7 February 1946
55 Ireland 28 June 1946
56 Philippines 17 January 1947
57 Syria 24 June 1947
58 Australia 24 September 1947
59 India 22 June 1948
60 New Zealand 9 July 1949
61 Pakistan 25 October 1949
62 Sri Lanka 18 November 1949
63 China 9 May 1950
64 Israel 4 November 1950
65 Indonesia 23 November 1950
66 Germany 4 April 1951
67 Myanmar 22 February 1956
68 Saudi Arabia 28 June 1957
69 Sudan 27 October 1957
70 Jordan 14 December 1957
71 Liberia 6 June 1958
72 Malaysia 6 June 1958
73 Morocco 23 July 1958
74 Tunisia 14 October 1958
75 South Korea 11 March 1959
76   Nepal 10 June 1960
77 Somalia 13 July 1960
78 Libya 25 August 1960
79 Cyprus 12 December 1960
80 Cambodia 18 January 1961
81 Senegal 8 May 1961
82 Madagascar 17 August 1961
83 Nigeria 3 October 1961
84 Benin 21 November 1961
85 Sierra Leone 13 December 1961
86 Ghana 27 April 1962
87 Republic of the Congo 27 September 1962
88 Democratic Republic of the Congo October 1962
89 Guinea 26 November 1962
90 Algeria 20 April 1963
91 Ivory Coast 5 June 1963
92 Kenya January 1964
93 Uganda 9 April 1964
94 Tanzania 29 May 1964
95 Mongolia 30 June 1964
96 Laos 10 October 1964
97 Zambia 27 November 1964
98 Kuwait 22 December 1964
99 Burkina Faso 1964
100 Rwanda 1964
101 Mali 25 January 1965
102 Niger 26 May 1965
103 Gabon May 1965
104 Cameroon 24 September 1965
105 Burundi 7 December 1965
106 Singapore 8 February 1966
107 Malawi 31 March 1966
108 Trinidad and Tobago July 1966
109 Botswana 21 March 1968
110 Lesotho 29 May 1968
111 Gambia 1968
112 Vietnam 11 January 1969
113 Albania 20 June 1969
114 Malta June 1969
115 Equatorial Guinea 1969
116 Yemen 29 September 1970
117 Mauritania 14 December 1970
118 Bangladesh 12 April 1972
119 United Arab Emirates 1972
120 Qatar 29 March 1973
121 North Korea 7 April 1973
122 Mauritius 20 December 1973
123 Eswatini 1973
124 Tonga 21 January 1974
125 Jamaica 5 February 1974
126 Bahrain 25 February 1974
127 Oman 15 March 1974
128 Grenada 15 February 1975
129 Guinea-Bissau 14 March 1975
130 Guyana 16 June 1975
131 Mozambique 25 June 1975
132 Barbados 19 March 1976
133 Angola 1 September 1976
134 Papua New Guinea 10 November 1976
135 Cape Verde 4 December 1976
136 Comoros 1977
137 Samoa 1977
138 São Tomé and Príncipe 1977
139 Suriname 15 March 1978
140 Togo 15 March 1978
141 Bahamas 9 May 1978
142 Maldives 21 August 1978
143 Fiji 3 April 1979
144 Seychelles 14 August 1979
145 Solomon Islands 24 October 1979
146 Djibouti 20 February 1980
147 Zimbabwe 18 April 1980
148 Vanuatu 27 September 1981
149 Saint Lucia September 1981
150 Antigua and Barbuda 11 June 1982
— Holy See 2 August 1982
151 Belize 17 November 1982
152 Central African Republic 1983
153 Dominica 3 May 1984
154 Brunei 1984
155 Bhutan 27 August 1985
156 San Marino 13 December 1988
157 Namibia 21 March 1990
158 Estonia 28 August 1991
159 Latvia 28 August 1991
160 Lithuania 28 August 1991
161 Liechtenstein 24 October 1991
162 Ukraine 13 January 1992
163 Belarus 14 January 1992
164 Croatia 29 January 1992
165 Slovenia 29 January 1992
166 Marshall Islands 12 February 1992
167 Kyrgyzstan 25 March 1992
168 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2 April 1992
169 Saint Kitts and Nevis 3 April 1992
170 Kazakhstan 7 April 1992
171 Uzbekistan 8 April 1992
172 Turkmenistan 10 April 1992
173 Azerbaijan 8 May 1992
174 Moldova 12 June 1992
175 Armenia 10 July 1992
176 Federated States of Micronesia 26 August 1992
177 Georgia 19 September 1992
178 Tajikistan 9 December 1992
179 Bosnia and Herzegovina 11 December 1992
180 Slovakia 1 January 1993
181 Eritrea 24 June 1993
182 North Macedonia 20 December 1993
183 Andorra 16 March 1995
184 Chad 3 August 1995
185 Palau 9 August 1995
186 Timor-Leste 20 May 2002
187 Montenegro 26 June 2006
— Kosovo 28 March 2008
188 Monaco 30 January 2009
189 South Sudan 9 July 2011
190 Tuvalu 24 August 2012
191 Kiribati 28 September 2012
192 Nauru 28 September 2012
— State of Palestine 30 October 2014

Africa

Region Formal relations began Notes
Egypt25 November 1922Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1922 when Harald Bildt took up the post of first Swedish Minister to Egypt.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Cairo.
Mozambique25 June 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975.
  • Mozambique has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Maputo.
Nigeria3 October 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Abuja.
South AfricaSee South Africa-Sweden relations
Sudan27 October 1957Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1957 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Sweden to Sudan (Resident in Addis Ababa) Dr. Bjorn Axel Eyvind Bratt.
  • Sudan has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Khartoum.
Tanzania29 May 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 1964 when Otto Gustaf Rathsman presented his credentials as Sweden's Ambassador to the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar to President Nyerere.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Stockholm.
TunisiaSee Sweden–Tunisia relations
  • Sweden has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Stockholm.
Zimbabwe 30 April 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1980 when first Ambassador of Mozambique to Zimbabwe presented his credentials.

Americas

Region Formal relations began Notes
ArgentinaSee Argentina–Sweden relations
Belize17 November 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 November 1982.
  • Belize has an honorary consulate in Stockholm.
  • Sweden is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Guatemala City and maintains an honorary consulate in Belmopan.
Bolivia2 February 1932Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 February 1932.
  • Bolivia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in La Paz.
BrazilSee Brazil–Sweden relations
  • Brazil has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Brasília.
CanadaSee Canada–Sweden relations

Relations with Canada are close, positive and constructive. Both countries have strong commitments to peacekeeping, UN reform, development assistance, environmental protection, sustainable development, and the promotion and protection of human rights. In addition, there are more than 300,000 Canadians of Swedish descent.

Chile1827See Chile–Sweden relations
  • Chile has an embassy in Stockholm and a consulate in Gothenburg.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Santiago.
Colombia11 December 1874 See Colombia–Sweden relations
  • Colombia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Bogotá.
  • Sweden is the 6th largest trade partner of Colombia in the European Union.
Guyana16 June 1975

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1975.

  • Guyana has an honorary consulate in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an ambassador accredited to Guyana based in Stockholm.
Mexico1850See Mexico–Sweden relations.
Peru11 February 1938See Peru–Sweden relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 February 1938.

  • Peru has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.
United States29 April 1818See Sweden–United States relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1818.

Sweden and the United States have had strong ties since the 18th century.

Asia

Country Formal relations began Notes
Armenia10 July 1992Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1992.
Azerbaijan 8 May 1992 See Azerbaijan–Sweden relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 May 1992.

  • The embassy of Sweden in Baku opened in 2014.
  • Azerbaijani opened an embassy in Stockholm.[citation needed]
  • Currently, approximately 10 thousand Azerbaijanis live in Sweden, and in addition about 30 thousand Azerbaijanis from Iran.
  • In 2006, a diaspora organization called «Odlar yurdu» was established in Sweden.
  • In 2010, the Congress of Swedish Azerbaijanis was established.
  • Both countries are members of the Council of Europe.
ChinaSee China–Sweden relations.
  • China has an embassy in Stockholm and a consulate-general in Gothenburg.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Hong Kong and Shanghai.

In July 2019, the UN ambassadors from 22 nations, including Sweden, signed a joint letter to the UNHRC condemning China's mistreatment of the Uyghurs as well as its mistreatment of other minority groups, urging the Chinese government to close the Xinjiang internment camps.

Georgia19 September 1992See Georgia–Sweden relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 September 1992.

IndiaSee India–Sweden relations.
IndonesiaSee Indonesia–Sweden relations.
Iran5 September 1897See Iran–Sweden relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 1897 when has been accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Persia to Sweden with residence in St. Peterbourg Mirza Reza Khan Ar Faed-Doouleh.

IraqSee Iraq–Sweden relations.

The Swedish Embassy in Iraq is permanently closed after attacks by protesters over Quran Burning on the Swedish Embassy in Baghdad. Iraq severed ties with Sweden since July 2023, after Swedish authorities allowed a man to burn the Iraqi flag and the Quran in front of the Iraqi Embassy, Stockholm.

IsraelSee Israel–Sweden relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1949. Israel has an embassy in Stockholm. Sweden has an embassy in Tel Aviv.

Japan1868See Japan–Sweden relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1868 by signing the Swedish-Japanese Treaty in 1868.

Kazakhstan 7 April 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 April 1992.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Astana.
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Stockholm.
Kuwait 22 December 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 1964 when Sweden opened its embassy in Kuwait.
MalaysiaSee Malaysia–Sweden relations.

Diplomatic relations were established in 1958. Sweden has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Stockholm. As of 2009, 90 Swedish companies are present in Malaysia and about 450 Swedish citizens live in Malaysia.

North KoreaApril 7, 1973See North Korea–Sweden relations.
PalestineOctober 30, 2014See Palestine–Sweden relations.
Saudi ArabiaSee Saudi Arabia–Sweden relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1957.

South Korea11 March 1959See South Korea–Sweden relations

The establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and Sweden began on March 11, 1959.

Syria 24 June 1947 See Sweden–Syria relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1947 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Sweden to Syria with residence in Cairo, Widar Bagge.

TurkeySee Sweden–Turkey relations.

Europe

Region Formal relations began Notes
Albania20 June 1969See Albania–Sweden relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 June 1969.

Austria
  • Austria has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Vienna.
  • There are 7,000 Austrians living in Sweden.
  • There are 2,000 Swedes living in Austria.
  • Both countries became members of the European Union on 1 January 1995.
Belarus14 January 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 January 1992.

There are 3,000 Belarusian living in Sweden and above 1,000 Swedes living in Belarus.

Belgium23 February 1837 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 February 1837 when has been accredited Chargé d'Affaires of Belgium to Sweden baron T. Vander Straten Ponthoz.

There is an ethnic group of Walloons living in Sweden making up the 8,000 Belgians living in Sweden and 5,000 Swedes living in Belgium.

  • Belgium has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an ambassador accredited to Belgium based in Stockholm.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
Bosnia and Herzegovina 15 December 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1992.
BulgariaJuly 6, 1914 There are approximately 3,000 Swedes living in Bulgaria and
Croatia29 January 1992See Croatia–Sweden relations.
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 January 1992.
  • Croatia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Zagreb.
  • Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Croatia joined on 1 July 2013.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
CyprusSee Cyprus–Sweden relations.
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Nicosia.
  • Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Cyprus joined on 1 May 2004.
Czech Republic1 January 1993Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1993.
DenmarkSee Denmark–Sweden relations.

Today, both countries are separated by the Øresund, which links the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. Both countries are full members of the Council of the Baltic Sea States, of the Council of Europe, and of the European Union. There are around 21,000 Swedes living in Denmark and there are around 42,000 Danes living in Sweden.

Estonia28 August 1991See Estonia–Sweden relations.

Estonia was under Swedish rule between 1561 and 1721

Sweden recognized Estonia on 4 February 1921.

Sweden resumed diplomatic relations with Estonia on 28 August 1991.

FinlandSee Finland–Sweden relations.

Finnish–Swedish relations have a long history (Sweden and Finland were the same country for several hundred years), due to the close relationship between Finland and Sweden. Particularly in Finland, the issue emerges in frequent exposés of Finnish history, and in motives for governmental proposals and actions as reported in Finnish news broadcasts in English or other foreign languages. In Sweden, this relationship is a recurrent important theme of 20th-century history, although maybe by most Swedes considered to be an issue of purely historical relevance now that both countries have been members of the European Union since 1995.

  • Finland has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Helsinki and a consulate-general in Mariehamn.
  • Both countries became members of the European Union on 1 January 1995.
  • Both countries applied for NATO membership on 18 May 2022. Finland became a member on 4 April 2023, while Sweden became a member on 7 March 2024.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
FranceSee France–Sweden relations.
GermanySee Germany–Sweden relations.
Greece24 January 1833See Greece–Sweden relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1833 when Carl Peter von Heidenstam (until then Consul General) was appointed as Chargé d'Affaires of the Kingdom of Sweden and Norway in Greece.

HungarySee Hungary–Sweden relations.

Diplomacy relations between the two countries started on December 28, 1945.

  • Hungary has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Hungary joined on 1 May 2004.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
IcelandSee Iceland–Sweden relations.
  • Iceland has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Reykjavík.
  • Both countries are members of NATO.
Ireland18 July 1946See Ireland–Sweden relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 July 1946. Ireland has an embassy in Stockholm.

Italy23 December 1859See Italy–Sweden relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 1859 when the first interim Chargé d'Affaires, Giov. Antonio Migliorati, was appointed.

KosovoSee Kosovo–Sweden relations.

Sweden recognized Kosovo on March 4, 2008. Liaison Office of Sweden in Pristina, subordinated to the embassy in Skopje, North Macedonia. On March 8, 2008, the Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs Carl Bildt became the first foreign minister to officially visit Kosovo since it declared its independence. Sweden currently has 243 troops serving in Kosovo as peacekeepers in the NATO led Kosovo Force.

  • Kosovo has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Pristina.
Latvia28 August 1991See Latvia–Sweden relations.

Sweden recognized Latvia on 4 February 1921.

Sweden resumed diplomatic relations with Latvia on 28 August 1991.

  • Latvia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Riga.
  • Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Latvia joined on 1 May 2004.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
Lithuania28 August 1991See Lithuania–Sweden relations.

Sweden recognized Lithuania on 28 September 1921.

Sweden resumed diplomatic relations with Lithuania on 28 August 1991.

  • Lithuania has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Vilnius.
  • Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Lithuania joined on 1 May 2004.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
Moldova12 June 1992See Moldova–Sweden relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 June 1992.

Sweden is one of Moldova's top donors. From 1996, Sweden provided Moldova with technical assistance worth 30 million dollars, which significantly helped strengthen sectors such as: protection of human rights, democracy, good governance, public health, education, agriculture, energy, infrastructure, transport and the private sector. Much of the aid is delivered through the Swedish International Development Agency. In 2007, the Swedish Government established the 2007–2010 strategy of cooperation with Moldova, which sees 11 million euros in financial assistance annually for three important sectors: good governance, strengthening of com petitiveness in the rural area and reduction of vulnerability in the energy sector.

The NetherlandsSee Netherlands–Sweden relations.
NorwaySee Norway–Sweden relations.
  • Norway has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Oslo.
  • Both countries are members of NATO.
PolandSee Poland–Sweden relations.
  • Poland has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Poland joined on 1 May 2004.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
PortugalSee Portugal–Sweden relations.
Romania1 November 1916
  • Romania has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Romania joined on 1 January 2007.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
RussiaSee Russia–Sweden relations.
SerbiaSee Serbia–Sweden relations.
Slovenia
  • Slovenia is accredited to Sweden from its embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Sweden is accredited to Slovenia from its embassy in Budapest, Hungary.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
SpainSee Spain–Sweden relations.
 Switzerland
  • Sweden has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Both countries are members of the Council of Europe.
Ukraine13 January 1992See Sweden–Ukraine relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 1992.

A Ukrainian information bureau was opened 1916 in Stockholm by Volodymyr Stepankivskyi and M. Zaliznyak. In 1918 an official diplomatic mission from the Ukrainian People's Republic headed by K. Lossky was opened in Stockholm. Diplomatic relations between Ukraine and Sweden were established on January 13, 1992.

United Kingdom23 December 1653See Sweden–United Kingdom relations.

Sweden established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 23 December 1653.[failed verification]

  • Sweden maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Sweden through its embassy in Stockholm.

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention, a Mutual Defence Agreement, and a Strategic Partnership.

Oceania

Country Formal relations began Notes
AustraliaSee Australia–Sweden relations.
  • Australia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Canberra and eight honorary consulates: Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darin, Hobart, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney.
Fiji 3 April 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April 1979.
New ZealandSee New Zealand–Sweden relations.

See also

References

  1. ↑ WorldBank. "Military expenditure (% of GDP)". report. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  2. ↑ "Sweden declines to sign UN nuclear ban treaty". The Local. 12 July 2019.
  3. ↑ NATO Review. "Sweden: a special NATO partner?". NATO Review. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  4. ↑ Emmott, Robin; Devranoglu, Nevzat (18 May 2022). "Finland, Sweden apply to join NATO amid Turkish objections". Reuters.
  5. ↑ "Russia Sends Bone-Chilling Message To Sweden & Finland; Threatens 'Military Implications' If They Go The Ukraine Way". The EurAsian Times. 25 February 2022.
  6. ↑ "Putin issues fresh warning to Finland and Sweden on installing Nato infrastructure". The Guardian. 29 June 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  7. ↑ NATO. "Sweden officially joins NATO". NATO. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
  8. ↑ Aggestam, Lisbeth; Hyde-Price, Adrian (17 December 2015). Pierre, Jon (ed.). "A Force for Good?". The Oxford Handbook of Swedish Politics the Oxford Handbook of Swedish Politics. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.001.0001. ISBN 9780199665679. Retrieved 29 January 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
  9. ↑ Kenneth Steffensen (2007). "Scandinavia After the Fall of the Kalmar Union: A Study in Scandinavian Relations, 1523-1536". Brigham Young University. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  10. ↑ Ulrik Wrangel, Fredrik (1891). Liste des diplomates français en Suède, 1541-1891 (in French). p. 3.
  11. ↑ Millán, José Martínez (1998). Felipe II, 1527-1598 - Europa y la monarquía católica (in Spanish). Vol. I. Editorial Parteluz. p. 633.
  12. ↑ "History of Establishing Diplomatic Relations Between the EU Member States: Netherlands - Sweden". Retrieved 25 April 2026.
  13. ↑ "Suécia". portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  14. 1 2 Bell, Gary M. (1995). A Handlist of British Diplomatic Representatives: 1509-1688. Cambridge University Press. pp. 194, 221, 275 and 283.
  15. ↑ Naumann, Erik (1927). "Herman Cedercreutz". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (in Swedish). Vol. 7. National Archives of Sweden. p. 779. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  16. ↑ "All Countries". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  17. ↑ "Brasilien". regeringen.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
  18. 1 2 "Greece Liberated: Kingdom of Sweden and Norway". Hellenic Republic Ministry of Foreign Affairs Service of Diplomatic & Historical Archives. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  19. ↑ "History of Establishing Diplomatic Relations Between the EU Member States: Belgium - Sweden". Retrieved 25 July 2026.
  20. ↑ Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho (in Spanish). Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2003. pp. 528–529.
  21. ↑ "176 Aniversario Relaciones Diplomaticas Argentina-Suecia" (in Spanish). 9 December 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2025.
  22. ↑ "Cooperazione politica" (in Italian). Retrieved 25 July 2026.
  23. ↑ Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Japan, ed. (1874). Treaties and Conventions concluded between Empire of Japan and Foreign Nations, together with Regulations and Communications 1854-1874. Tokyo: Nisshu-sha Printing Office. pp. table of contents.
  24. ↑ "153th Anniversary of Thailand-Sweden Diplomatic Relations Establishment". Royal Thai Embassy Stockholm. 18 May 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  25. ↑ "Europa" (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 June 2023.
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Further reading