Distribution of the R-SUR51 haplogroup in EuropeDiversity of th eR-SUR51 haplogroup in Europe
R1a-SUR51 is a Y-chromosomal paternal lineage found among modern populations including Bashkirs, Mishars and Hungarians.
The Institute of Hungarian Research determined the whole-genome data of King Béla III of Hungary, which was published in 2020, as well as that of King Saint Ladislaus of Hungary, published in 2023.
The paternal Y chromosome of both members of the Árpád dynasty among the Hungarian royal family belongs to haplogroup R-ARP (R1a1a1b2a2a1c3a3b), a subclade of R1a-SUR51 within the R-Z2123 clade.
Ancestral subclades of R1a-Y2632 have been identified among individuals associated with the Saka population of the Tien Shan, dated to approximately 427–422 BC.
Clan–tribal affiliation and distribution area of representatives of the R1a-SUR51 lineage
Lifetime of a common ancestor between the Árpád dynasty and Bashkirs carrying R1a-SUR51
According to research by Péter L. Nagy, Judit Olasz, and their co-authors, the estimated lifetime of the most recent common paternal ancestor between Bashkir carriers of R1a-SUR51 and the Árpád dynasty dates to the beginning of the Common Era.
In contrast, Bulat A. Muratov has proposed a later divergence date, placing the separation between Bashkir R1a-SUR51 lineages and the Árpád dynasty in the 7th century AD.
12Nagy, Péter L.; Olasz, Judit; Neparáczki, Endre; Rouse, Nicholas; Kapuria, Karan; Cano, Samantha; Chen, Huijie; Cristofaro, Julie Di; Runfeldt, Goran; Runfeldt, Goran; Ekomasova, Natalia; Maróti, Zoltán; Jeney, János; Litvinov, Sergey; Dzhaubermezov, Murat; Gabidullina, Lilya; Szentirmay, Zoltán; Szabados, György; Zgonjanin, Dragana; Chiaroni, Jacques; Behar, Doron M.; Khusnutdinova, Elza; Underhill, Peter A.; Kásler, Miklós (7 July 2020). "Determination of the phylogenetic origins of the Árpád Dynasty based on Y chromosome sequencing of Béla the Third". European Journal of Human Genetics. 29 (1): 164–172. doi:10.1038/s41431-020-0683-z. PMC7809292. PMID32636469.
12Varga, Gergely I. B.; Kristóf, Lilla Alida; Maár, Kitti; Kis, Luca; Schütz, Oszkár; Váradi, Orsolya; Kovács, Bence; Gînguță, Alexandra; Tihanyi, Balázs; Nagy, Péter L.; Maróti, Zoltán; Nyerki, Emil; Török, Tibor; Neparáczki, Endre (January 2023). "The archaeogenomic validation of Saint Ladislaus' relic provides insights into the Árpád dynasty's genealogy". Journal of Genetics and Genomics. 50 (1): 58–61. doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2022.06.008. PMID35809778.
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