Isotopes of yttrium

Isotopes of yttrium (₃₉Y)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Y)
	88.905838±0.000002; 88.906±0.001 (abridged);
	view; talk; edit;

Natural yttrium (₃₉Y) is composed of the single stable isotope, ⁸⁹Y. The most stable radioisotopes are ⁸⁸Y, which has a half-life of 106.63 days, and ⁹¹Y, with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes and isomers have half-lives of less than 15 hours, except ⁸⁷Y with 79.8 hours and ⁹⁰Y with 64.05 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable ⁸⁹Y is electron capture to isotopes of strontium and the dominant mode after it is beta emission to isotopes of zirconium.

In total, the isotopes characterized range from ⁷⁶Y to ¹⁰⁹Y.

In products of nuclear fission, ⁹⁰Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope strontium-90. This isotope alone is also used in medicine; see yttrium-90.

List of isotopes

Nuclide	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)	Discovery year	Half-life	Decay mode	Daughter isotope	Spin and parity	Isotopic abundance
Nuclide	Excitation energy			Discovery year	Half-life	Decay mode	Daughter isotope	Spin and parity	Isotopic abundance
⁷⁶Y	39	37	75.95894(32)#	2001	28(9) ms	β⁺?	⁷⁶Sr	1−#
						p?	⁷⁵Sr
						β⁺, p?	⁷⁵Rb
⁷⁷Y	39	38	76.95015(22)#	1999	63(17) ms	β⁺	⁷⁷Sr	5/2+#
						p?	⁷⁶Sr
						β⁺, p?	⁷⁶Rb
⁷⁸Y	39	39	77.94399(32)#	1992	54(5) ms	β⁺	⁷⁸Sr	(0+)
⁷⁸Y	39	39	77.94399(32)#	1992	54(5) ms	β⁺, p?	⁷⁷Rb	(0+)
^78mY	~300 keV			1998	5.8(6) s	β⁺	⁷⁸Sr	(5+)
^78mY	~300 keV			1998	5.8(6) s	β⁺, p?	⁷⁷Rb	(5+)
⁷⁹Y	39	40	78.937752(14)	1992	14.8(6) s	β⁺	⁷⁹Sr	5/2+#
⁸⁰Y	39	41	79.9343548(67)	1981	30.1(5) s	β⁺	⁸⁰Sr	4−
^80m1Y	228.5(1) keV			1998	4.8(3) s	IT (81%)	⁸⁰Y	1−
^80m1Y	228.5(1) keV			1998	4.8(3) s	β⁺ (19%)	⁸⁰Sr	1−
^80m2Y	312.6(9) keV			1997	4.7(3) μs	IT	⁸⁰Y	(2+)
⁸¹Y	39	42	80.9294459(30)	1981	70.4(10) s	β⁺	⁸¹Sr	(5/2+)
⁸²Y	39	43	81.9269302(59)	1980	8.30(20) s	β⁺	⁸²Sr	1+
^82m1Y	402.63(14) keV			1993	258(22) ns	IT	⁸²Y	4−
^82m2Y	507.50(13) keV			1993	148(6) ns	IT	⁸²Y	6+
⁸³Y	39	44	82.922484(20)	1962	7.08(8) min	β⁺	⁸³Sr	(9/2+)
^83mY	62.04(10) keV			1973	2.85(2) min	β⁺ (60%)	⁸³Sr	(3/2−)
^83mY	62.04(10) keV			1973	2.85(2) min	IT (40%)	⁸³Y	(3/2−)
⁸⁴Y	39	45	83.9206711(46)	1962	39.5(8) min	β⁺	⁸⁴Sr	(6+)
^84m1Y	67.0(2) keV			1976	4.6(2) s	β⁺	⁸⁴Sr	1+
^84m2Y	210.42(16) keV			2005	292(10) ns	IT	⁸⁴Y	4−
⁸⁵Y	39	46	84.916433(20)	1952	2.68(5) h	β⁺	⁸⁵Sr	(1/2)−
^85m1Y	19.68(17) keV			1963	4.86(20) h	β⁺	⁸⁵Sr	(9/2)+
^85m1Y	19.68(17) keV			1963	4.86(20) h	IT?	⁸⁵Y	(9/2)+
^85m2Y	266.18(10) keV			1977	178(7) ns	IT	⁸⁵Y	(5/2)−
⁸⁶Y	39	47	85.914886(15)	1951	14.74(2) h	β⁺	⁸⁶Sr	4−
^86m1Y	218.21(9) keV			1961	47.4(4) min	IT (99.31%)	⁸⁶Y	(8+)
^86m1Y	218.21(9) keV			1961	47.4(4) min	β⁺ (0.69%)	⁸⁶Sr	(8+)
^86m2Y	302.18(9) keV			2000	125.3(55) ns	IT	⁸⁶Y	6+
⁸⁷Y	39	48	86.9108761(12)	1940	79.8(3) h	β⁺	⁸⁷Sr	1/2−
^87mY	380.82(7) keV			1940	13.37(3) h	IT (98.43%)	⁸⁷Y	9/2+
^87mY	380.82(7) keV			1940	13.37(3) h	β⁺ (1.57%)	⁸⁷Sr	9/2+
⁸⁸Y	39	49	87.9095013(16)	1948	106.629(24) d	β⁺	⁸⁸Sr	4−
^88m1Y	392.86(9) keV			1955	301(3) μs	IT	⁸⁸Y	1+
^88m2Y	674.55(4) keV			1962	13.98(17) ms	IT	⁸⁸Y	8+
⁸⁹Y	39	50	88.90583816(36)	1923	Stable			1/2−	1.0000
^89mY	908.97(3) keV			1951	15.663(5) s	IT	⁸⁹Y	9/2+
⁹⁰Y	39	51	89.90714175(38)	1937	64.05(5) h	β⁻	⁹⁰Zr	2−
^90mY	682.01(5) keV			1961	3.226(11) h	IT	⁹⁰Y	7+
^90mY	682.01(5) keV			1961	3.226(11) h	β⁻ (0.0018%)	⁹⁰Zr	7+
⁹¹Y	39	52	90.9072980(20)	1943	58.51(6) d	β⁻	⁹¹Zr	1/2−
^91mY	555.58(5) keV			1943	49.71(4) min	IT	⁹¹Y	9/2+
^91mY	555.58(5) keV			1943	49.71(4) min	β⁻?	⁹¹Zr	9/2+
⁹²Y	39	53	91.9089458(98)	1940	3.54(1) h	β⁻	⁹²Zr	2−
^92mY	807(50)# keV			2009	3.7(5) μs	IT	⁹²Y	7+#
⁹³Y	39	54	92.909578(11)	1948	10.18(8) h	β⁻	⁹³Zr	1/2−
^93mY	758.719(21) keV			1971	820(40) ms	IT	⁹³Y	9/2+
⁹⁴Y	39	55	93.9115921(68)	1948	18.7(1) min	β⁻	⁹⁴Zr	2−
^94mY	1202.3(10) keV			1999	1.304(12) μs	IT	⁹⁴Y	(5+)
⁹⁵Y	39	56	94.9128197(73)	1959	10.3(1) min	β⁻	⁹⁵Zr	1/2−
^95mY	1087.6(6) keV			1982	48.6(5) μs	IT	⁹⁵Y	9/2+
⁹⁶Y	39	57	95.9159093(65)	1975	5.34(5) s	β⁻	⁹⁶Zr	0−
^96m1Y	1540(9) keV			1975	9.6(2) s	β⁻	⁹⁶Zr	8+
^96m2Y	1655.0(11) keV			2017	181(9) ns	IT	⁹⁶Y	(6+)
⁹⁷Y	39	58	96.9182867(72)	1970	3.75(3) s	β⁻ (99.945%)	⁹⁷Zr	1/2−
⁹⁷Y	39	58	96.9182867(72)	1970	3.75(3) s	β⁻, n (0.055%)	⁹⁶Zr	1/2−
^97m1Y	667.52(23) keV			1978	1.17(3) s	β⁻ (>99.2%)	⁹⁷Zr	9/2+
						IT (<0.7%)	⁹⁷Y
						β⁻, n (0.11%)	⁹⁶Zr
^97m2Y	3522.6(4) keV			1986	142(8) ms	IT (94.8%)	⁹⁷Y	(27/2−)
^97m2Y	3522.6(4) keV			1986	142(8) ms	β⁻ (5.2%)	⁹⁷Zr	(27/2−)
⁹⁸Y	39	59	97.9223948(85)	1970	548(2) ms	β⁻ (99.67%)	⁹⁸Zr	0−
⁹⁸Y	39	59	97.9223948(85)	1970	548(2) ms	β⁻, n (0.33%)	⁹⁷Zr	0−
^98m1Y	170.78(5) keV			2017	615(8) ns	IT	⁹⁸Y	2−
^98m2Y	465.7(7) keV			1977	2.32(8) s	β⁻ (96.56%)	⁹⁸Zr	(6,7)+
						β⁻, n (3.44%)	⁹⁷Zr
						IT?	⁹⁸Y
^98m3Y	496.10(11) keV			2017	6.90(54) μs	IT	⁹⁸Y	(4)−
^98m4Y	594(10) keV			2017	180(7) ns	IT	⁹⁸Y	(3−,4−)
^98m5Y	972.17(20) keV			1970	450(150) ns	IT	⁹⁸Y	(8+)
^98m6Y	1181.50(18) keV			2017	762(14) ns	IT	⁹⁸Y	(10−)
⁹⁹Y	39	60	98.9241608(71)	1975	1.484(7) s	β⁻ (98.23%)	⁹⁹Zr	5/2+
⁹⁹Y	39	60	98.9241608(71)	1975	1.484(7) s	β⁻, n (1.77%)	⁹⁸Zr	5/2+
^99mY	2141.65(19) keV			1985	8.2(4) μs	IT	⁹⁹Y	(17/2+)
¹⁰⁰Y	39	61	99.927728(12)	1977	940(30) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁰Zr	4+
¹⁰⁰Y	39	61	99.927728(12)	1977	940(30) ms	β⁻, n?	⁹⁹Zr	4+
^100mY	144(16) keV			1977	727(6) ms	β⁻ (98.92%)	¹⁰⁰Zr	1+#
^100mY	144(16) keV			1977	727(6) ms	β⁻, n (1.08%)	⁹⁹Zr	1+#
¹⁰¹Y	39	62	100.9301608(76)	1983	426(20) ms	β⁻ (97.7%)	¹⁰¹Zr	5/2+
¹⁰¹Y	39	62	100.9301608(76)	1983	426(20) ms	β⁻, n (2.3%)	¹⁰⁰Zr	5/2+
^101mY	1205.0(10) keV			2009	870(90) ns	IT	¹⁰¹Y	13/2−#
¹⁰²Y	39	63	101.9343285(44)	1983	360(40) ms	β⁻ (>97.4%)	¹⁰²Zr	(5−)
¹⁰²Y	39	63	101.9343285(44)	1983	360(40) ms	β⁻, n (<2.6%)	¹⁰¹Zr	(5−)
^102mY	100(100)# keV			1991	300(100) ms	β⁻ (>97.4%)	¹⁰²Zr	(0−,1−)
						β⁻, n (<2.6%)	¹⁰¹Zr
						IT?	¹⁰²Y
¹⁰³Y	39	64	102.937244(12)	1994	239(12) ms	β⁻ (92.0%)	¹⁰³Zr	5/2+#
¹⁰³Y	39	64	102.937244(12)	1994	239(12) ms	β⁻, n (8.0%)	¹⁰²Zr	5/2+#
¹⁰⁴Y	39	65	103.94194(22)#	1994	197(4) ms	β⁻ (66%)	¹⁰⁴Zr	(0+,1+)#
						β⁻, n (34%)	¹⁰³Zr
						β⁻, 2n?	¹⁰²Zr
¹⁰⁵Y	39	66	104.94571(43)#	1994	95(9) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁵Zr	5/2+#
						β⁻, n (<82%)	¹⁰⁴Zr
						β⁻, 2n?	¹⁰³Zr
¹⁰⁶Y	39	67	105.95084(54)#	1997	75(6) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁶Zr	2+#
						β⁻, n?	¹⁰⁵Zr
						β⁻, 2n?	¹⁰⁴Zr
¹⁰⁷Y	39	68	106.95494(54)#	1997	33.5(3) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁷Zr	5/2+#
						β⁻, n?	¹⁰⁶Zr
						β⁻, 2n?	¹⁰⁵Zr
¹⁰⁸Y	39	69	107.96052(64)#	2010	30(5) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁸Zr	6−#
						β⁻, n?	¹⁰⁷Zr
						β⁻, 2n?	¹⁰⁶Zr
¹⁰⁹Y	39	70	108.96513(75)#	2010	25(5) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁹Zr	5/2+#
						β⁻, n?	¹⁰⁸Zr
						β⁻, 2n?	¹⁰⁷Zr
¹¹⁰Y	39	71		2021
¹¹¹Y	39	72		2021
This table header & footer: view

↑ ^mY – Excited nuclear isomer.
↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
1 2 3 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
↑ Modes of decay:

IT: Isomeric transition

n: Neutron emission

p: Proton emission
↑ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
1 2 Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
↑ Measured mass is 77.944220(16) Da.
1 2 3 Fission product

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
↑ FRIB Nuclear Data Group. "Discovery of Nuclides Project, Isotope Database". doi:10.11578/frib/2279152.
↑ FRIB Nuclear Data Group. "Discovery of Nuclides Project, Isomer Database". doi:10.11578/frib/2572219.
1 2 3 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
1 2 Kimura, S.; Wada, M.; Fu, C. Y.; Fukuda, N.; Hirayama, Y.; Hou, D. S.; Iimura, S.; Ishiyama, H.; Ito, Y.; Kubono, S.; Kusaka, K.; Michimasa, S.; Miyatake, H.; Nishimura, S.; Niwase, T.; Phong, V.; Rosenbusch, M.; Schatz, H.; Schury, P.; Shimizu, Y.; Suzuki, H.; Takamine, A.; Takeda, H.; Togano, Y.; Watanabe, Y. X.; Xian, W. D.; Yanagisawa, Y.; Yeung, T. T.; Yoshimoto, M.; Zha, S. (8 October 2025). "Precision Mass Measurements around Mo 84 Rule Out ZrNb Cycle Formation in the Rapid Proton-Capture Process at Type I X-Ray Bursts". Physical Review Letters. 135 (15) 152701. doi:10.1103/2dyn-q7wp. PMID 41138077.
↑ Xing, Y. M.; Yuan, C. X.; Wang, M.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhou, X. H.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Blaum, K.; Xu, H. S.; Bao, T.; Chen, R. J.; Fu, C. Y.; Gao, B. S.; Ge, W. W.; He, J. J.; Huang, W. J.; Liao, T.; Li, J. G.; Li, H. F.; Litvinov, S.; Naimi, S.; Shuai, P.; Sun, M. Z.; Wang, Q.; Xu, X.; Xu, F. R.; Yamaguchi, T.; Yan, X. L.; Yang, J. C.; Yuan, Y. J.; Zeng, Q.; Zhang, M.; Zhou, X. (11 January 2023). "Isochronous mass measurements of neutron-deficient nuclei from Sn 112 projectile fragmentation". Physical Review C. 107 (1) 014304. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.107.014304.
1 2 Sumikama, T.; et al. (2021). "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr". Physical Review C. 103 (1) 014614. Bibcode:2021PhRvC.103a4614S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. hdl:10261/260248. S2CID 234019083.

[3] Y – Excited nuclear isomer.

[5] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-6] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-10] 1 2 3 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[11] Modes of decay:

IT: Isomeric transition

n: Neutron emission

p: Proton emission

[12] Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.

[13] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[14] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[order-15] 1 2 Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

[17] Measured mass is 77.944220(16) Da.

[FP-19] 1 2 3 Fission product

[CIAAWyttrium-1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[AME2020_II-4] Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.

[IsotopeFRIB-7] FRIB Nuclear Data Group. "Discovery of Nuclides Project, Isotope Database". doi:10.11578/frib/2279152.

[IsomerFRIB-8] FRIB Nuclear Data Group. "Discovery of Nuclides Project, Isomer Database". doi:10.11578/frib/2572219.

[NUBASE2020-9] 1 2 3 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[kimura2025-16] 1 2 Kimura, S.; Wada, M.; Fu, C. Y.; Fukuda, N.; Hirayama, Y.; Hou, D. S.; Iimura, S.; Ishiyama, H.; Ito, Y.; Kubono, S.; Kusaka, K.; Michimasa, S.; Miyatake, H.; Nishimura, S.; Niwase, T.; Phong, V.; Rosenbusch, M.; Schatz, H.; Schury, P.; Shimizu, Y.; Suzuki, H.; Takamine, A.; Takeda, H.; Togano, Y.; Watanabe, Y. X.; Xian, W. D.; Yanagisawa, Y.; Yeung, T. T.; Yoshimoto, M.; Zha, S. (8 October 2025). "Precision Mass Measurements around Mo 84 Rule Out ZrNb Cycle Formation in the Rapid Proton-Capture Process at Type I X-Ray Bursts". Physical Review Letters. 135 (15) 152701. doi:10.1103/2dyn-q7wp. PMID 41138077.

[xing2023-18] Xing, Y. M.; Yuan, C. X.; Wang, M.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhou, X. H.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Blaum, K.; Xu, H. S.; Bao, T.; Chen, R. J.; Fu, C. Y.; Gao, B. S.; Ge, W. W.; He, J. J.; Huang, W. J.; Liao, T.; Li, J. G.; Li, H. F.; Litvinov, S.; Naimi, S.; Shuai, P.; Sun, M. Z.; Wang, Q.; Xu, X.; Xu, F. R.; Yamaguchi, T.; Yan, X. L.; Yang, J. C.; Yuan, Y. J.; Zeng, Q.; Zhang, M.; Zhou, X. (11 January 2023). "Isochronous mass measurements of neutron-deficient nuclei from Sn 112 projectile fragmentation". Physical Review C. 107 (1) 014304. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.107.014304.

[Sumikama(Y)-20] 1 2 Sumikama, T.; et al. (2021). "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr". Physical Review C. 103 (1) 014614. Bibcode:2021PhRvC.103a4614S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. hdl:10261/260248. S2CID 234019083.

Isotopes of yttrium

List of isotopes

See also

References