Hagen, Hermann August (1861). Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America with a list of the South American species4 (1). Smithsonian institution. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.22092.
Winterton, Shaun L.; Makarkin, Vladimir N. (2010). «Phylogeny of Moth Lacewings and Giant Lacewings (Neuroptera: Ithonidae, Polystoechotidae) Using DNA Sequence Data, Morphology, and Fossils». Annals of the Entomological Society of America103 (4): 511-522. ISSN1938-2901.