{"version":"1.0","type":"link","title":"Confounding - Newikis","description":"In causal inference, confounding is a form of systematic error (or bias) that can distort estimates of causal effects in observational studies. A confounder is traditionally understood to be a variable that (1) independently predicts the outcome (or dependent variable), (2) is associated with the…","provider_name":"Newikis","provider_url":"https://newikis.com","cache_age":86400,"thumbnail_url":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Comparison_confounder_mediator.svg/1280px-Comparison_confounder_mediator.svg.png","thumbnail_width":1280,"thumbnail_height":680}