Garra
| Garra | |||||
| Hamilton, 1822 | |||||
 Garra rufa | |||||
| Systematyka | |||||
| Domena | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Królestwo | |||||
| Typ | |||||
| Podtyp | |||||
| Gromada | |||||
| Rząd | |||||
| Rodzina |
karpiowate | ||||
| Podrodzina | |||||
| Rodzaj |
Garra | ||||
| Typ nomenklatoryczny | |||||
|
Cyprinus (Garra) lamta Hamilton, 1822 | |||||
| |||||
| Gatunki | |||||
| |||||
Garra – rodzaj ryb z rodziny karpiowatych (Cyprinidae).
Występowanie
Występują w subtropikalnych i tropikalnych wodach Azji Południowej i Azji Południowo-Wschodniej, w południowo-wschodniej części Turcji, niektóre gatunki zamieszkują obszar Afryki.
Budowa
Ciało wydłużone o cylindrycznym kształcie, nieco spłaszczone. Dolna warga przekształcona jest w przyssawkę umożliwiającą przyczepienie się do skał lub kamieni w wartkiej, rwącej wodzie. Dorastają od 6 do 30 cm długości.
Klasyfikacja
Gatunki zaliczane do tego rodzaju:
- Garra abhoyai Hora, 1921
- Garra aethiopica (Pellegrin, 1927)
- Garra allostoma Roberts, 1990
- Garra alticauda Cao, Nyingi, Bart & Zhang, 2023
- Garra amirhosseini Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Coad & Eagderi, 2016
- Garra andruzzii (Vinciguerra, 1924)
- Garra annandalei Hora, 1921
- Garra arunachalami (Johnson & Soranam, 2001)
- Garra arunachalensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013
- Garra arupi Nebeshwar, Vishwanath & Das, 2009
- Garra barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956
- Garra bicornuta Narayan Rao, 1920
- Garra biloborostris Roni & Vishwanath, 2017
- Garra bimaculacauda Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016
- Garra binduensis Das, Kosygin & Panigrahi, 2016
- Garra birostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013
- Garra bispinosa Zhang, 2005
- Garra blanfordii (Boulenger, 1901)
- Garra borneensis (Vaillant, 1902)
- Garra bourreti (Pellegrin, 1928)
- Garra buettikeri Krupp, 1983
- Garra caudomaculata (Battalgil, 1942)
- Garra cavernicola Freyhof, 2025
- Garra centrala Nguyen, Vu & Nguyen, 2015
- Garra ceylonensis Bleeker, 1863
- Garra chakpiensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015
- Garra chathensis Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj, 2020
- Garra chaudhurii Hora, 1921
- Garra chebera Habteselassie, Mikschi, Ahnelt & Waidbacher, 2010
- Garra chindwinensis Premananda, Kosygin & Saidullah, 2017
- Garra chingaiensis Abonmai, Linthoingambi, Ngangbam, Thoidingjam & Singh, 2023
- Garra chivaensis Moyon & Arunkumar, 2020
- Garra clavirostris Roni, Sarbojit & Vishwanath, 2017
- Garra compressus Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998
- Garra congoensis Poll, 1959
- Garra cornigera Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015
- Garra culiciphaga (Pellegrin, 1927)
- Garra cyrano Kottelat, 2000
- Garra dampaensis Lalronunga, Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana, 2013
- Garra deccanensis Jadhav, Karuthapandi, Shangningam, Jaiswal & Shankar, 2022
- Garra dembecha Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra dembeensis (Rüppell, 1835)
- Garra dengba Deng, Cao & Zhang, 2018
- Garra dohjei Marngar, Mawlong & Lokeshwor, 2024
- Garra dulongensis (Chen, Pan, Xiao & Yang, 2012)
- Garra dunsirei Banister, 1987
- Garra duobarbis Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra elegans (Günther, 1868)
- Garra elongata Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000
- Garra emarginata Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011
- Garra ethelwynnae Menon, 1958
- Garra festai (Tortonese, 1939)
- Garra flavatra Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra fluviatilis Kangrang, Thoni, Mayden & Beamish, 2016
- Garra fuliginosa Fowler, 1934
- Garra geba Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra ghorensis Krupp, 1982
- Garra gotyla (Gray, 1830)
- Garra gravelyi (Annandale, 1919)
- Garra gymnothorax Berg, 1949
- Garra hexagonarostris Nebeshwar, Rameshori & Prabina, 2024
- Garra hindii (Boulenger, 1905)
- Garra hormuzensis Zamani-Faradonbe, Zhang & Keivany, 2021
- Garra hughi Silas, 1955
- Garra ignestii (Gianferrari, 1925)
- Garra imberbis (Vinciguerra, 1890)
- Garra irangensis Premananda & Singh, 2023
- Garra jaldhakaensis Kosygin, Shangningam, Singh & Das, 2021
- Garra jamila Moritz, Straube & Neumann, 2019
- Garra jenkinsonianum Hora, 1921
- Garra jerdoni Day, 1867
- Garra jordanica Hamidan, Geiger & Freyhof, 2014
- Garra joshuai (Silas, 1954)
- Garra kalakadensis Rema Devi, 1993
- Garra kalpangi Nebeshwar, Bagra & Das, 2012
- Garra kangrae Prashad, 1919
- Garra kemali (Hankó, 1925)
- Garra kempi Hora, 1921
- Garra khawbungi Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014
- Garra klatti (Kosswig, 1950)
- Garra koladynensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2017
- Garra laishrami Surachita, Chowdhury & Palita, 2023
- Garra lamta (Hamilton, 1822)
- Garra lancrenonensis Blache & Miton, 1960
- Garra langlungensis Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj, 2021
- Garra lautior Banister, 1987
- Garra lissorhynchus (McClelland, 1842)
- Garra litanensis Vishwanath, 1993
- Garra longipinnis Banister & Clarke, 1977
- Garra lorestanensis Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi, 2016
- Garra lungongza Ngangbam & Lithoingambi, 2023
- Garra magnacavus Shangningam, Kosygin & Sinha, 2019
- Garra magnarostrum Singh, Tudu & Gurumayum, 2025
- Garra magnidiscus Tamang, 2013
- Garra makiensis (Boulenger, 1904)
- Garra mamshuqa Krupp, 1983
- Garra manipurensis Vishwanath & Sarojnalini, 1988
- Garra matensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2017
- Garra mcclellandi (Jerdon, 1849)
- Garra menoni Rema Devi & Indra, 1984
- Garra meymehensis Zamani-Faradonbe, Keivany, Dorafshan & Zhang, 2021
- Garra mini Rahman, Mollah, Norén & Kullander, 2016
- Garra minibarbata Cao, Nyingi, Bart & Zhang, 2023
- Garra mirofrontis Chu & Cui, 1987
- Garra mlapparaensis Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011
- Garra mondica Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Freyhof, 2015
- Garra montisalsi Hora, 1921
- Garra motuoensis Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu, 2018
- Garra moyonkhulleni Moyon & Arunkumar, 2018
- Garra mullya (Sykes, 1839)
- Garra naganensis Hora, 1921
- Garra nambashiensis Devi, Abonmai, Singh & Shangningam, 2025
- Garra nambulica Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005
- Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012
- Garra nana (Heckel, 1843)
- Garra napata Moritz, Straube & Neumann, 2019
- Garra nasuta (McClelland, 1838)
- Garra nepalensis Rayamajhi & Arunachalam, 2017
- Garra nethravathiensis Arunachalam & Nandagopal, 2014
- Garra ngatangkha Arunkumar & Moyon, 2019
- Garra ngopi Tenali, Chandran, Singh & Sarkar, 2024
- Garra nigricollis Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra notata (Blyth, 1860)
- Garra nudiventris (Berg, 1905)
- Garra orientalis Nichols, 1925
- Garra ornata (Nichols & Griscom, 1917)
- Garra orontesi Bayçelebi, Kaya, Turan & Freyhof, 2021
- Garra palaniensis (Rema Devi & Menon, 1994)
- Garra palaruvica Arunachalam, Raja, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013
- Garra panitvongi Tangjitjaroen, Randall, Tongnunui, Boyd & Page, 2023
- Garra paralissorhynchus Vishwanath & Shanta Devi, 2005
- Garra parastenorhynchus Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016
- Garra paratrilobata Roni, Chinglemba, Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2019
- Garra periyarensis Gopi, 2001
- Garra persica Berg, 1914
- Garra phewakholaensis Limbu, Rajbanshi & Raza, 2024
- Garra phillipsi Deraniyagala, 1933
- Garra platycephala Narayan Rao, 1920
- Garra poecilura Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra prashadi Hora, 1921
- Garra propulvinus Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra qiaojiensis Wu & Yao, 1977
- Garra quadratirostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013
- Garra quadrimaculata (Rüppell, 1835)
- Garra quangtriensis Nguyen, Vu & Nguyen, 2015
- Garra rakhinica Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra ranganensis Tamang, Sinha, Abujam & Kumar, 2019
- Garra regressus Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra rezai Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Saemi-Komsari, Kaya & Freyhof, 2022
- Garra rhynchota Koller, 1926
- Garra robertsi Thoni & Mayden, 2015
- Garra roseae Mousavi-Sabet, Saemi-Komsari, Doadrio & Freyhof, 2019
- Garra rossica (Nikolskii, 1900)
- Garra rotundinasus Zhang, 2006
- Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843)
- Garra rupicola (McClelland, 1839)
- Garra sahilia Krupp, 1983
- Garra salweenica Hora & Mukerji, 1934
- Garra sannarensis Moritz, Straube & Neumann, 2019
- Garra sauvagei (Lortet, 1883)
- Garra shamal Kirchner, Kruckenhauser, Pichler, Borkenhagen & Freyhof, 2020
- Garra sharq Kirchner, Kruckenhauser, Pichler, Borkenhagen & Freyhof, 2020
- Garra simbalbaraensis Rath, Shangningam & Kosygin, 2019
- Garra songbangensis Nguyen, Vu & Nguyen, 2015
- Garra spilota Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra stenorhynchus (Jerdon, 1849)
- Garra substrictorostris Roni & Vishwanath, 2018
- Garra surendranathanii Shaji, Arun & Easa, 1996
- Garra surgifrons Zhou & Sun, 2018
- Garra surinbinnani Page, Ray, Tongnunui, Boyd & Randall, 2019
- Garra tamangi Gurumayum & Kosygin, 2016
- Garra tana Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra tashanensis Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Fatemi & Eagderi, 2016
- Garra tengchongensis Zhang & Chen, 2002
- Garra tezuensis Thoidingjam, Ngangbam, Linthoingambi & Singh, 2023
- Garra tiam Zamani-Faradonbe, Keivany, Dorafshan & Zhang, 2021
- Garra tibanica Trewavas, 1941
- Garra tibetana Gong, Deng, Wang & Liu, 2018
- Garra trewavasae Monod, 1950
- Garra triangularis Shangningam, Rath & Kosygin, 2021
- Garra trilobata Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015
- Garra turcica Karaman, 1971
- Garra typhlops (Bruun & Kaiser, 1944)
- Garra ukhrulensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015
- Garra variabilis (Heckel, 1843)
- Garra vinciguerrae (Boulenger, 1901)
- Garra waensis Lothongkham, Arbsuwan & Musikasinthorn, 2014
- Garra wanae (Regan, 1914)
- Garra waterloti (Pellegrin, 1936)
- Garra widdowsoni (Trewavas, 1955)
- Garra yajiangensis Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu, 2018
- Garra zubzaensis Tenali, Shangningam, Bhattacharjee, Patel & Kosygin, 2024
Gatunkiem typowym jest Cyprinus (Garra) lamta (G. lamta).
Przypisy
- ↑ Garra, [w:] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
- 1 2 3 4 Ron Fricke, William Neil Eschmeyer, Richard van der Laan (red.), SEARCH, [w:] Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 14 kwietnia 2026 [dostęp 2026-04-27] (ang.).