1816

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1816 (MDCCCXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1816th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 816th year of the 2nd millennium, the 16th year of the 19th century, and the 7th year of the 1810s decade. As of the start of 1816, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

• Known as the "Year Without A Summer" in the northern hemisphere because of global cooling caused by the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption that happened in 1815.
• February 12 – Fire almost destroyed the city of St. John's, Newfoundland.
• March 23 – Law frees serfs in Estonia
• March 25 – Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck dies
• May 2 – Leopold of Saxe-Coburg (later known as King of the Belgians) marries Charlotte Augusta, but she dies the next year.
• June 19 – Battle of Seven Oaks between Hudson Bay and Northwest fur-trading companies, near Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
• July 9 – Argentina becomes free from Spain
• July 17 – The French passenger ship Medusa runs aground off the coast of Senegal, with 140 lives lost.
• August 24 – The Treaty of St. Louis is signed in St. Louis, Missouri.
• December 11 – Indiana is admitted as the 19th U.S. state.

Births

• March 14 – William Marsh Rice, American university founder
• April 21 – Charlotte Brontë, British novelist
• April 22 – Charles Denis Bourbaki, French general
• April 25 – Eliza Daniel Stewart, American temperance movement leader
• May 24 – Emanuel Leutze, American painter
• June 19 – William Henry Webb, American industrialist and philanthropist
• July 4 – Arthur de Gobineau, French diplomat and writer
• July 23 – Charlotte Cushman, American stage actress
• July 31 – George Henry Thomas, American general
• August 4 – William Julian Albert, U.S. Congressman
• August 16 – Charles John Vaughan, English scholar
• November 17 – August Wilhelm Ambros, Austrian composer
• December 13 – Werner von Siemens, German inventor and industrialist

Deaths

• January 27 – Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, British admiral
• February 6 – Maria Ludwika Rzewuska, Polish szlachcianka
• February 22 – Adam Ferguson, Scottish philosopher and historian
• March 20 – Queen Maria I of Portugal
• June 5 – Giovanni Paisiello, Italian composer
• June 12 – Pierre Augereau, Marshal of France and duc de Castiglione
• July 5 – Dorothy Jordan, Irish actress, mistress of King William IV of the United Kingdom
• July 7 – Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish playwright
• November 8 – Gouverneur Morris, American statesman
• December 15 – Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope, English statesman and scientist