October 22

October 22 is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 70 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

362 – The temple of Apollo near Antioch is destroyed in a fire.
794 – Emperor Kanmu relocates the Japanese capital to Heiankyo (Kyoto).
1383 – A time of civil war began in Portugal when King Fernando dies without a male heir to the throne.
1575 – Founding of Aguascalientes, Mexico.
1633 – Battle of Southern Fujian Sea: The Ming Dynasty defeats the Dutch East India Company.
1707 – Scilly naval disaster: Four British Royal Navy ships run aground near the Isles of Scilly, off Cornwall, England, because of faulty navigation. Over 1,600 sailors drown.
1740 – End of a two–week massacre of ethnic Chinese people in Batavia (present–day Jakarta) in present–day Indonesia (then the Dutch East Indies).
1746 – The College of New Jersey (later renamed Princeton University) is created.
1777 – American Revolutionary War: American defenders of Fort Mercer on the Delaware River repulse repeated Hessian attacks in the Battle of Red Bank.
1784 – Russia founds a colony on Kodiak Island, Alaska.
1797 – One thousand meters (3,200 feet) above Paris, Andre-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recorded parachute jump.
1836 – Sam Houston is becomes the first President of the Republic of Texas.
1844 – The Great Anticipation: The Millerites, followers of William Miller, expect the end of the World to occur on this date. The following day is referred to as the 'Great Disappointment'.
1859 – Spain declares war on Morocco.
1875 – First telegraphic connection in Argentina.
1877 – A mining disaster in Blantyre, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, kills 215 people.
1878 – The first rugby match under floodlights takes place in Salford, between Broughton and Swinton.
1883 – The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance by Charles Gounod's Faust.
1895 – In Paris, an express train derails after overrunning the buffer stop, crossing almost 30 meters of concourse, before crashing through a wall and falling 10 meters on the road below.

1901 – 2000

1910 – Hawley Harvey Crippen is found guilty at the Old Bailey in London of poisoning his wife, and is subsequently hanged at Pentonville Prison.
1923 – A royalist coup d'état fails in Greece.
1927 – Nikola Tesla introduces six new inventions including a motor with one–phase electricity.
1941 – World War II: French resistance member Guy Moquet and 29 others are executed by the German in retaliation for the death of a German officer.
1943 – World War II: in the second firestorm raid on Germany, the Royal Air Force conducts and air raid on the city of Kassel in the current state of Hesse. 10,000 people are killed.
1948 – Walter Ulbricht declares the Oder–Neisse Line to be the border between East Germany and Poland.
1950 – The 1st FIBA Basketball World Cup started in Argentina.
1957 – Vietnam War: First American soldier to die in Vietnam.
1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: US President John F. Kennedy says that American spy planes have found Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the island nation.
1964 – Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, but turns down the honor.
1964 – Canada: A Multi–Party Parliamentary Committee choses the design which becomes the new official Flag of Canada.
1966 – The Soviet Union launches the Luna 12 probe.
1968 – Apollo program: Apollo 7 safely splashes down in the Atlantic Ocean after orbiting the Earth 163 times.
1968 – Hard rock band Led Zeppelin release the classic album Led Zeppelin II, featuring the hit single "Whole Lotta Love."
1975 – The Soviet unmanned space probe Venera 9 lands on Venus.
1978 – Inauguration of Pope John Paul II.
1999 – Maurice Papon, a French Vichy Government official in World War II, is jailed for Crimes against Humanity.

From 2001

2005 – Tropical Storm Alpha forms in the Atlantic Basin, making the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season the most active on record.
2006 – An expansion plan for the Panama Canal is approved in a referendum in Panama.
2007 – Raid on Anuradhapura Air Force Base is carried out by 21 commandos of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. All except one die in this attack. Eight Sri Lanka Air Force planes are destroyed and 10 are damaged.
2008 – India launches its first unmanned lunar mission Chandrayaan–1.
2014 – 2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa.
2015 – An attacker kills two people with a sword at a school in Trollhattan, Western Sweden, before being shot dead by police.
2017 – The Liberal Democratic Party under Shinzo Abe wins early parliamentary elections in Japan.
2019 – Abortion and same-sex marriage become legal in Northern Ireland after the deadline for the return of the Assembly at Stormont at Belfast is missed; the two laws had been voted for by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom because of the Assembly's absence.
2019 – The official enthronement ceremony for Emperor Naruhito of Japan is held.

Births

Deaths

Up to 1900

741 – Charles Martel, leader of the Franks (b. 686)
1383 – King Fernando I of Portugal (b. 1345)
1625 – Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese daimyo (b. 1561)
1708 – Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian (b. 1636)
1751 – William IV, Prince of Orange (b. 1711)
1792 – Guillaume Gentil, French astronomer (b. 1725)
1818 – Johann Heinrich Campe, German journalist and editor (b. 1746)
1847 – Sahle Selassie, Ethiopian royal (b. 1795)
1853 – Juan Antonio Lavalleja, President of Uruguay (b. 1784)
1859 – Louis Spohr, German violinist and composer (b. 1784)

1901 – 2000

1906 – Paul Cézanne, French painter (b. 1839)
1914 – Konishiki Yasokichi I, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1866)
1917 – Bob Fitzsimmons, English–American boxer (b. 1863)
1918 – Myrtle Gonzalez, American actress (b. 1891)
1928 – Andrew Fisher, fifth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1862)
1935 – Komitas Vardapet, Armenian musician and composer (b. 1869)
1946 – Phillips Lee Goldsborough, American politician, Governor of Maryland (b. 1865)
1952 – Ernst Rüdin, Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist and eugenicist (b. 1874)
1953 – Albert Meyer, Swiss politician (b. 1870)
1956 – Hannah Mitchell, English activist (b. 1872)
1965 – Paul Tillich, German theologian (b. 1886)
1973 – Pablo Casals, Catalan cellist and conductor (b. 1876)
1975 – Arnold J. Toynbee, British politician and historian (b. 1889)
1979 – Nadia Boulanger, French composer (b. 1887)
1986 – Albert Szent-Györgyi de Nagyrápolt, Hungarian scientist, won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1893)
1986 – Ye Jianying, Chinese general and politician (b. 1897)
1987 – Lino Ventura, Italian actor (b. 1919)
1989 – Ewan MacColl, British singer-songwriter, producer, actor and playwright (b. 1915)
1990 – Louis Althusser, French philosopher (b. 1918)
1995 – Sir Kingsley Amis, English writer (b. 1922)
1995 – Mary Wickes, American actress (b. 1910)
1997 – Leonid Amalrik, Russian animator (b. 1905)

From 2001

2002 – Countess Geraldine Appónyi de Nagy-Appónyi, Hungarian–born Queen of Albania (b. 1915)
2002 – Richard Helms, American intelligence agent and diplomat (b. 1913)
2003 – Elliott Smith, American musician (b. 1969)
2006 – Choi Kyu-ha, President of South Korea (b. 1919)
2007 – Eve Curie, French writer (b. 1904)
2009 – Soupy Sales, American comedian and television personality (b. 1926)
2011 – Sultan bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud, Crown prince of Saudi Arabia (b. 1928)
2012 – Russell Means, American actor and activist (b. 1939)
2012 – Shubha Phutela, Indian actress (b. 1991)
2014 – John-Roger Hinkins, American author and public speaker (b. 1934)
2014 – Deaths in the 2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa:
- Nathan Cirillo, Canadian soldier (b. 1989)
- Michael Zehaf-Bibeau, Canadian murderer (b. 1982)
2015 – Willem Aantjes, Dutch politician (b. 1923)
2015 – Arnold Klein, American dermatologist (b. 1945)
2015 – Mark Murphy, American jazz singer (b. 1932)
2017 – Al Hurricane, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1936)
2017 – Scott Putesky, American musician (b. 1968)
2017 – George Young, Scottish–Australian singer–songwriter and musician (b. 1946)
2017 – Atle Hammer, Norwegian jazz trumpeter (b. 1932)
2018 – Horacio Cardo, Argentine painter and illustrator (b. 1944)
2018 – Boris Kokorev, Russian pistol shooter (b. 1959)
2018 – Friedrich Ostermann, German Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1932)
2018 – Eugene H. Peterson, American clergyman and biblical scholar (b. 1932)
2018 – Robert Saladrigas, Spanish writer, journalist and critic (b. 1940)
2018 – José Varacka, Argentine footballer (b. 1932)
2019 – Manfred Bruns, German lawyer and LGBTQ activist (b. 1934)
2019 – Vicki Ann Funk, American botanist and researcher (b. 1947)
2019 – Til Gardeniers-Berendsen, Dutch politician (b. 1925)
2019 – Gustav Gerneth, German supercentenarian (b. 1905)
2019 – Ole Hervik Laub, Danish novelist (b. 1937)
2019 – Raymond Leppard, British–American conductor and composer (b. 1927)
2019 – Sadako Ogata, Japanese diplomat (b. 1927)
2019 – Rolando Panerai, Italian baritone singer (b. 1924)
2019 – Miguel Saiz, Uruguayan–Argentine politician (b. 1949)
2019 – Marieke Vervoort, Belgian wheelchair racer and Paralympic athlete (b. 1979)
2019 – Jo Ann Zimmerman, American politician, Lieutenant Governor of Iowa (b. 1936)

Observances

Roman Catholic Feast Day for Pope John Paul II
International Stuttering Awareness Day

October 22

Events

Up to 1900

1901 – 2000

From 2001

Births

Up to 1900

1901 – 1950

1951 – 1975

From 1976

Deaths

Up to 1900

1901 – 2000

From 2001

Observances