June 28

June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 186 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul.
1243 – Innocent IV becomes pope.
1360 – Muhammed VI, Sultan of Granada becomes the 10th Nasrid King of Granada after killing his brother, Ismail II, Sultan of Granada.
1389 – Ottoman Empire defeats Christian Europe army in Kosovo, opening the way for the Ottoman conquest of Southeastern Europe (see Vidovdan).
1461 – King Edward IV of England is crowned.
1519 – Charles V elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
1575 – The Battle of Nagashino takes place in Japan.
1635 – Guadeloupe becomes a French colony.
1651 – Battle of Beresteczko between Poles and Ukrainians, the biggest battle in the 17th century, starts.
1709 – Tsar Peter I of Russia defeats Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava.
1745 – War of the Austrian Succession: A New England colonial army captures Louisbourg, New France, after a 47–day siege.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Sullivan's Island becomes the first decisive US victory of the war, over Great Britain.
1807 – Second British Invasion of Rio de la Plata: John Whitelock lands at Ensenada in an attempt to recapture Buenos Aires and is defeated by the locals.
1811 – Napoleonic Wars: French troops storm the city of Tarragona, Spain and carry out a massacre on citizens who offer strong resistance.
1838 – In the United Kingdom, Queen Victoria is officially crowned.
1841 – Giselle, a ballet by French composer Adolphe Adam, is first performed in Paris.
1859 – The first dog show is held in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
1865 – In the US, the Army of the Potomac is disbanded.
1880 – Ned Kelly, the Australian bushranger, is captured at Glenrowan.
1882 – The Anglo–French Convention of 1882 marks the territorial boundaries between Guinea and Sierra Leone.
1886 – The first passenger train of the Canadian Pacific Railway leaves Montreal, Quebec.
1887 – Minot, North Dakota is incorporated as a city.
1894 – Labor Day becomes an official US holiday.
1895 – El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua form the Central American Union.
1896 – An explosion in the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft Mine in Pattston City, Pennsylvania results in a massive cave–in that kills 58 miners.

1901 – 2000

1902 – United States Congress passes the Spooner Act, allowing President Theodore Roosevelt to acquire rights from Colombia for the Panama Canal.
1904 – The Danish ship SS Norge runs aground and sinks off Rockall in the North Atlantic Ocean; 625 people are killed.
1904 – Helen Keller completes her studies at Radcliffe College.
1914 – Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophia are killed by a Serbian nationalist, the casus belli of World War I.
1919 – The Treaty of Versailles is signed, ending World War I with Germany.
1921 – King Alexander I of Serbia proclaims the new constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
1922 – The Irish Civil War begins with the shelling of the Four Courts in Dublin by Irish Free State forces.
1926 – Mercedes-Benz is formed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz merging their two companies.
1936 – The Japanese puppet state of Mengjiang is formed in northern China.
1938 – A 450–tonne meteorite struck the earth in an empty field near Chicora, Pennsylvania
1940 – Romania cedes Bessarabia (current–day Moldova) to the Soviet Union.
1948 – A magnitude 7.3 earthquake in Fukui, Japan, kills 5,390 people.
1950 – Seoul is captured by troops from North Korea.
1960 – US–owned oil refineries in Cuba confiscated and nationalised.
1960 – A gas explosion in a coal mine in Monmouthshire, Wales, kills 37 miners.
1964 – Malcolm X forms the Organization of Afro–American Unity.
1967 – Israel annexes East Jerusalem.
1969 – Stonewall riots in New York City mark the beginning of the modern gay rights era.
1976 – An Angolan court sentences US and UK mercenaries to death sentences and prison terms in the Luanda trial.
1978 – The United States Supreme Court, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke 438 US 265 1978, bars quota systems in college admissions but affirms constitutionality of programs giving advantage to minorities.
1981 – A powerful bomb explodes in Tehran, killing 73 officials of the Islamic Republic Party.
1983 – The partial collapse of Connecticut's busy I–95 Mianus River Bridge, killing 3 people.
1987 – For the first time in military history a civilian population is targeted for chemical attack when Iraqi warplanes bomb the Iranian town of Sardasht.
1988 – Four workers are asphyxiated at a metal–plating plant in Auburn, Indiana, in the worst confined–space industrial accident in U.S. history. A fifth victim dies two days later.
1990 – Paperback Software, a company founded by Adam Osborne, found guilty by a U.S. court of copyright violation for copying the appearance and menu system of Lotus 1-2-3 in its competing spreadsheet program.
1992 – The Constitution of Estonia is signed into law.
1994 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan, killing 7 people and injuring 660.
1996 – The Constitution of Ukraine is signed into law.
1997 – Boxer Mike Tyson is disqualified for biting off part of the ear of his opponent Evander Holyfield.

From 2001

2004 – Estonia, Lithuania and Slovenia join the ERM II
2004 – Sovereign power is handed to the interim government of Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority, ending the U.S.–led rule of that nation.
2006 – Montenegro becomes a member of the UN.
2009 – A political crisis lasting several months begins in Honduras, as President Manuel Zelaya is overthrown by Roberto Micheletti.
2011 – Google launches Google+.
2016 – At least 41 people are killed in a terrorist attack on Istanbul's Atatürk International Airport.
2018 – Five people are shot dead in the Capital Gazette shooting at a newspaper office in Annapolis, Maryland, United States.
2019 – 100th anniversary of the signing the Treaty of Versailles.
2019 – France records its hottest–ever temperature, at 45.9 degrees Celsius.
2019 – The European Union and Mercosur agree a trade deal.

Births

Up to 1900

1170 – King Valdemar II of Denmark (d. 1241)
1243 – Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan (d. 1304)
1444 – Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus (d. 1487)
1476 – Pope Paul IV (d. 1559)
1490 – Albert of Mainz, bishop and elector of Mainz (d. 1545)
1491 – Henry VIII, King of England (d. 1547)
1503 – Giovanni della Casa, Italian author and poet (d. 1556)
1547 – Cristoforo Malvezzi, Italian organist and composer (d. 1599)
1577 – Peter Paul Rubens, German painter (d. 1640)
1653 – Muhammad Azam Shah, Mughal ruler (d. 1707)
1692 – Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart (d. 1718)
1703 – John Wesley, English founder of Methodism (d. 1791)
1712 – Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss philosopher (d. 1778)
1719 – Etienne François, duc de Choiseul, French general and politician (d. 1785)
1734 – Jean-Jacques Beauvarlet-Charpentier, French organist and composer (d. 1778)
1794 – John Biscoe, English explorer (d. 1843)
1806 – Napoléon Coste, French guitarist and composer (d. 1883)
1807 – Anton Philipp Reclam, German publisher (d. 1895)
1819 – Carlotta Grisi, Italian ballerina (d. 1899)
1824 – Paul Broca, French physician (d. 1880)
1831 – Joseph Joachim, Austrian violinist (d. 1907)
1835 – John Young Brown, American politician, 31st Governor of Kentucky (d. 1904)
1836 – Lyman J. Gage, American politician (d. 1927)
1847 – Sveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson, Icelandic composer (d. 1927)
1852 – Charles Cruft, English businessman (d. 1938)
1867 – Luigi Pirandello, Italian dramatist and narrator, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 1936)
1871 – Sergei Bulgakov, Russian theologian and philosopher (d. 1944)
1873 – Alexis Carrel, French surgeon, won the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1944)
1875 – Henri Lebesgue, French mathematician (d. 1941)
1876 – Robert Guérin, French sports official, 1st President of FIFA (d. 1952)
1883 – Pierre Laval, Prime Minister of France (d. 1945)
1884 – Lamina Sankoh, Sierra Leonean banker and politician (d. 1964)
1888 – George Challenor, Barbadian cricketer (d. 1947)
1890 – Howard Drew, American sprinter (d. 1957)
1891 – Carl Panzram, American serial killer (d. 1930)

1901 – 1950

1902 – Richard Rodgers, American composer (d. 1979)
1906 – Maria Goeppert-Mayer, German–American physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1972)
1912 – Carl Friedrich von Weizsaecker, German physicist and philosopher (d. 2007)
1913 – Franz Antel, Austrian movie maker (d. 2007)
1914 – Lester Flatt, bluegrass musician (d. 1979)
1915 – David Honeyboy Edwards, American blues musician (d. 2011)
1917 – Albert De Cleyn, Belgian footballer (d. 1990)
1918 – William Whitelaw, 1st Viscount Whitelaw, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1999)
1921 – P. V. Narasimha Rao, Prime Minister of India, 1991 – 1996 (d. 2004)
1923 – Gaye Stewart, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2010)
1923 – Conte Candoli, American trumpeter (d. 2001)
1923 – Pete Candoli, American trumpeter (d. 2008)
1925 – Giselher Klebe, German composer (d. 2009)
1926 – Mel Brooks, American actor, director and filmmaker
1927 – Frank Sherwood Rowland, American chemist (d. 2012)
1928 – Hans Blix, Swedish politician and diplomat
1930 – Itamar Franco, former President of Brazil (d. 2011)
1930 – Jack Gold, British movie director (d. 2015)
1930 – William C. Campbell, Irish–American biologist and parasitologist
1931 – Hans Alfredsson, Swedish actor, movie director, writer and comedian
1932 – Pat Morita, American actor (d. 2005)
1934 – Carl Levin, United States Senator (d. 2021)
1934 – Georges Wolinski, French cartoonist (d. 2015)
1934 – Robert Carswell, Baron Carswell, Irish lawyer and judge
1935 – John Inman, English actor and singer (d. 2007)
1936 – Chuck Howley, American football player
1938 – Moy Yat, martial artist
1938 – Leon Panetta, American politician
1940 – Karpal Singh, Malaysian lawyer and politician (d. 2014)
1940 – Muhammad Yunus, Bangladeshi banker and economist, Nobel Peace Prize winner
1941 – David Lloyd Johnston, 28th Governor General of Canada
1941 – Joseph Goguen, American scientist (d. 2006)
1942 – Chris Hani, South African politician (d. 1993)
1942 – Rupert Sheldrake, British writer, biochemist and parapsychologist
1943 – Klaus von Klitzing, German physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics
1945 – Raul Seixas, Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer (d. 1989)
1946 – Gilda Radner, American actress and comedienne (d. 1989)
1946 – Jaime Guzman, Chilean politician (d. 1991)
1946 – John Michael Lounge, American astronaut (d. 2011)
1947 – Mark Helprin, American writer
1948 – Kathy Bates, American actress
1948 – Clarence Thomas, United States Supreme Court justice
1948 – Robin Dunbar, British anthropologist and evolutionary biologist

1951 – 1975

1951 – Mark Shand, English conservationist and author, brother of Queen Camilla (d. 2014)
1951 – Lalla Ward, English actress
1951 – Walter Alva, Peruvian archaeologist
1952 – Ray Ashcroft, English actor
1952 – Pietro Mennea, Italian athlete and politician (d. 2013)
1952 – John Patrick Lowrie, American voice actor, actor, musician and author
1952 – Jean-Christophe Rufin, French physician and author
1953 – Gernot Rohr, German footballer and manager
1954 – A. A. Gill, British journalist, author and critic (d. 2016)
1954 – Alice Krige, actress
1957 – Georgi Parvanov, former President of Bulgaria
1957 – Jim Spanarkel, American basketball player and sportscaster
1958 – Donna Edwards, American lawyer, politician and writer
1959 – Clint Boon, English singer and keyboardist
1960 – John Elway, American football player
1961 – Jeff Malone, American basketball player and coach
1963 – Charlie Clouser, American musician (Nine Inch Nails)
1964 – Mark Grace, American Major League Baseball player
1964 – Sabrina Ferilli, Italian actress
1964 – Tommy Lynn Sells, American serial killer (d. 2014)
1966 – John Cusack, American actor
1966 – Mary Stuart Masterson, American actress, director and producer
1967 – Lars Riedel, German athlete
1967 – Leona Aglukkaq, Canadian politician
1967 – Gil Bellows, Canadian actor
1968 – Adam Woodyatt, English actor
1969 – Ayelet Zurer, Israeli actress
1969 – Stéphane Chapuisat, Swiss footballer
1971 – Sean Dyche, English football manager
1971 – Fabien Barthez, French footballer
1971 – Lorenzo Amoruso, Italian footballer
1971 – Bobby Hurley, American basketball player
1971 – Elon Musk, South African–American entrepreneur
1971 – Louise Mensch, English politician and author
1972 – Ngo Bao Chau, Vietnamese mathematician
1972 – Alessandro Nivola, American actor
1972 – Jon Heidenreich, American professional wrestler
1973 – Adrian Annus, hammer thrower
1973 – André Lange, German bobsledder
1974 – Rob Dyrdek, American skateboarder, actor and producer
1975 – Ning Baizura, Malaysian singer and producer

From 1976

1977 – Mark Stoermer, American bass player (The Killers)
1978 – Simon Larose, tennis player
1979 – Felicia Day, American actress and writer
1979 – Randy McMichael, American football player
1982 – Ibrahim Camejo, Cuban long jumper
1982 – Irakli Garibashvili, Prime Minister of Georgia
1984 – Tamara Ecclestone, British model and television host
1985 – Phil Bardsley, British footballer
1986 – Kellie Pickler, American country music singer and songwriter
1986 – Suzuko Mimori, Japanese voice actress and singer
1987 – Terrence Williams, American basketball player
1988 – Kanon Wakeshima, Japanese singer and cellist
1989 – Lucy Rose, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1989 – Mark Edward Fischbach, American actor and comedian
1990 – Nick Purcell, American actor
1990 – Jasmine Richards, Canadian actress
1990 – Daisy Turner, English model and actress
1991 – Seohyun, South Korean singer, dancer and actress (Girls' Generation)
1991 – Kevin De Bruyne, Belgian footballer
1993 – Bradley Beal, American basketball player
1994 – Anish Giri, Russian–Dutch chess player
1994 – Madeline Duggan, English actress
1994 – Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan
1995 – Kare Hedebrandt, Swedish actor

Deaths

Up to 1900

202 – Yuan Shao, Chinese warlord
548 – Theodora I, Byzantine Empress (b. 500)
572 – Alboin, Lombard King (b. 530)
683 – Pope Leo II (b. 611)
767 – Pope Paul I (b. 700)
928 – Louis the Blind, King of Provence and Holy Roman Emperor (b. 880)
1061 – Floris I, Count of Holland (b. 1020)
1175 – Andrey Bogolyubsky, Russian saint (b. 1111)
1189 – Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony (b. 1156)
1194 – Emperor Xiaozong of Song of China (b. 1127)
1385 – Andronikos IV Palaiologus, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1348)
1586 – Primoz Trubar, Slovenian author and reformer (b. 1508)
1598 – Abraham Ortelius, Flemish cartographer (maker of maps) (b. 1527)
1716 – George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, English general (b. 1665)
1757 – Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, Queen of Prussia (b. 1687)
1813 – Gerhard Scharnhorst, Prussian general (b. 1755)
1834 – Joseph Bové, Russian architect (b. 1784)
1836 – James Madison, 4th President of the United States (b. 1751)
1880 – Dan Kelly, Steve Hart and Joe Byrne, Australian bushrangers, killed at Glenrowan, Victoria.
1880 – Texas Jack Omohundro, American cowboy and actor (b. 1848)
1881 – Jules Armand Dufaure, 33rd Prime Minister of France (b. 1798)
1889 – Maria Mitchell, American astronomer and Women's Rights activist (b. 1818)
1892 – Harry Atkinson, Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1831)
1892 – Alexandros Rhizos Rhankaves, Greek poet and statesman (b. 1810)

1901 – 2000

1913 – Manoel Ferraz de Campos Sales, President of Brazil (b. 1811)
1914 – Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (assassination) (b. 1863)
1914 – Archduchess Sophie Chotek, wife of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (b. 1868)
1917 – Sven Berggren, Swedish naturalist and botanist (b. 1837)
1928 – Ida Ferenczy, lady–in–waiting to Elizabeth of Bavaria (b. 1839)
1929 – Edward Carpenter, English poet and philosopher (b. 1844)
1935 – Patriarch Meletius IV of Constantinople (b. 1871)
1940 – Italo Balbo, Italian general and politician (b. 1896)
1942 – Yanka Kupala, Belarussian writer (b. 1882)
1960 – Jake Swirbul, co–founder of Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation
1962 – Mickey Cochrane, American Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1903)
1965 – Red Nichols, American jazz musician (b. 1905)
1971 – Franz Stangl, Nazi Concentration camp commandant (b. 1908)
1974 – Frank Sutton, American actor (b. 1923)
1975 – Rod Serling, American scriptwriter, host of The Twilight Zone (b. 1924)
1976 – Stanley Baker, Welsh actor and movie producer (b. 1927)
1978 – Clifford Dupont, President of Rhodesia (b. 1905)
1980 – José Iturbi, Spanish musician, conductor (b. 1895)
1981 – Terry Fox, Canadian athlete and cancer activist (b. 1958)
1989 – Joris Ivens, movie maker (b. 1898)
1991 – Henri Lefebvre, French philosopher (b. 1901)
1992 – Mikhail Tal, Latvian chess player (b. 1936)
1993 – GG Allin, American punk rock singer (b. 1956)
1997 – Mrs. Miller, singer (b. 1907)

From 2001

2001 – Mortimer Adler, American philosopher (b. 1902)
2001 – Joan Sims, actress (b. 1930)
2003 – Wim Slijkhuis, Dutch athlete (b. 1923)
2004 – Anthony Buckeridge, writer (b. 1912)
2007 – Kiichi Miyazawa, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1919)
2008 – Ruslana Korshunova, Kazakhstani model (b. 1987)
2009 – Billy Mays, American pitchman (b. 1958)
2010 – Robert Byrd, American politician, longest–serving United States Senator (b. 1917)
2011 – Michael Wenning, American minister (b. 1935)
2013 – Peter Lehmann, Australian winemaker (b. 1930)
2014 – Meshach Taylor, American actor (b. 1947)
2014 – Brian Roe, English cricketer (b. 1939)
2014 – Jim Brosnan, American baseball player (b. 1929)
2014 – Julio Silva Solar, Chilean lawyer and politician (b. 1926)
2015 – Todor Slavov, Bulgarian rally driver (b. 1984)
2015 – Jack Carter, American comedian and actor (b. 1922)
2015 – Wally Stanowski, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1919)
2016 – Scotty Moore, American guitarist (b. 1931)
2016 – Buddy Ryan, American football coach (b. 1931)
2016 – Pat Summitt, American basketball coach (b. 1952)
2016 – Zurlon Tipton, American football player (b. 1990)
2017 – John Higgins, Scottish footballer (b. 1930)
2017 – Wally O'Connell, Australian rugby league player (b. 1923)
2017 – Ola Mildred Rexroat, American World War II military official (b. 1917)
2018 – Domenico Losurdo, Italian philosopher (b. 1940)
2018 – Rob Hiaasen, American journalist and newspaper editor (b. 1959)
2018 – Denis Akiyama, Canadian actor (b. 1952)
2018 – Christine Nöstlinger, Austrian author (b. 1936)
2019 – Willie Frazer, Northern Irish activist (b. 1960)

Observances

International LGBT Pride Day
Saint Irenaeus
Soviet Occupation Day in Moldova
Observed as Tau Day by opponents of Pi (Mathematics)