September 7

September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 115 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
878 – King Louis II of France is crowned by Pope John VIII.
1159 – Pope Alexander II is chosen.
1191 – Third Crusade: Battle of Asruf – Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Asruf.
1228 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor lands at Acre, Palestine, starting the Sixth Crusade.
1533 – Future–Queen Elizabeth I of England is born, as the daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII of England, who had expected a male heir to the throne.
1571 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is arrested for his role in the Ridolf plot to assassinate Elizabeth I of England and replace her on the throne with Mary, Queen of Scots.
1706 – War of the Spanish Succession: Siege of Turin ends, leading to a French withdrawal from Italy.
1764 – Election of Stanislaw August Poniatowski as the last ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1776 – World's first submarine attack. The American submarine Turtle tried to put a time bomb on the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship Eagle in New York Harbor.
1778 – American Revolutionary War: France invades Dominica in the British West Indies, before Britain is even aware of France's involvement in the war, on the US' side.
1812 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon defeated the Russian army of Alexander I near the village of Borodino.
1818 – Carl III of Sweden–Norway became king of Norway, in Trondheim.
1822 – Brazil becomes independent from Portugal.
1837 – French explorer Jules Dumont D'Urville starts his expedition to Antarctica.
1853 – German explorer Heinrich Barth enters Timbuktu.
1860 – Unification of Italy: Giuseppe Garibaldi enters Naples.
1864 – American Civil War: Atlanta, Georgia is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman.
1876 – In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James Younger–Gang attempt to rob the town's bank, but are driven off by armed citizens.
1895 – The first game of what later becomes rugby league football is played in England.

1901 – 1950

1901 – The Boxer Rebellion in China ends with the signing of the Peking Protocol.
1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont flies his 14–bis aircraft at Bagatelle, France successfully.
1907 – The Cunard Line's RMS Lusitania sets sail on her first voyage from Liverpool in the UK to New York City in the US.
1909 – Eugène Lefebvre crashes a new French–built Wright biplane during a test flight at Juvisy, south of Paris, and dies as a result. He becomes the first 'pilot' in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier–than–air flight.
1911 – French poet Guillaume Apollinaire is arrested and put in jail. It was believed that he took the Mona Lisa from the Louvre museum. He is later found to be innocent.
1921 – In Atlantic City, New Jersey, the first Miss America beauty pageant is held.
1922 – In Aydin, Turkey, independence from Greek occupation is declared.
1922 – The Bank of Latvia is founded.
1927 – The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo T. Farnsworth.
1929 – Finnish passenger steamer Kuru sinks, killing 136 people.
1932 – Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia: Start of the Battle of Boquerón.
1936 – The last–surviving member of the thylacine species dies in the Hobart Zoo, Hobart, Tasmania.
1940 – World War II: The Blitz – Nazi Germany begins to bomb London. This will be the first of 57 nights of bombing.
1940 – Treaty of Craiova: Romania loses Southern Dobrudja to Bulgaria.
1942 – World War II: Australian and American forces inflict a significant defeat on Japan at the Battle of Milne Bay.
1943 – A fire at the Gulf Hotel in Houston, Texas kills 55 people.
1945 – World War II: Japanese forces on Wake Island, which they had held since 1941, surrender to US Marines.
1949 – The German Bundestag, parliament of West Germany and later the whole of Germany, meets for the first time. So does the Bundesrat, whose leader Karl Arnold is the first acting President of the Federal Republic.

1951 – 2000

1953 – Nikita Khrushchev becomes head of the Soviet Central Committee.
1953 – Mohammed Daoud Khan becomes Premier of Afghanistan.
1955 – Floods in India make around 45 million people homeless. It is not known how many people died.
1963 – The Pro Football Hall of Fame opens in Canton, Ohio.
1965 – Vietnam War: In a follow–up to August's Operation Starlight, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Pirahna on the Batangan Peninsula.
1970 – An anti–war rally is held at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, attended by John Kerry, Jane Fonda and Donald Sutherland.
1977 – The Torrijos-Carter Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The US agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century.
1978 – While walking across Waterloo Bridge in London, Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov is targeted by Bulgarian secret police agent Francesco Giullino by means of a ricin pellet fired from a specially–designed umbrella. He dies as a result of the attack four days later.
1979 – The Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN) makes its debut.
1986 – Desmond Tutu becomes the first black to lead the Anglican Church in South Africa.
1986 – Chilean leader Augusto Pinochet escapes an assassination attempt.
1987 – East German leader Erich Honecker visits West Germany.
1996 – In Las Vegas, Nevada, actor and rapper Tupac Shakur is shot several times after attending a boxing match.
1998 – Google Inc. is founded.
1999 – A major earthquake close to Athens, Greece results to the collapse of few buildings in the area. About 150 people are killed.

From 2001

2004 – The Serbian government backs a decision by Ljiljana Colic to require the teaching of both creationism and evolution in schools.
2004 – Hurricane Ivan hits Grenada, killing 39 people.
2005 – Egypt holds its first multi–party election.
2008 – The US Government takes over the mortgage financial companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
2011 – A plane carrying the Russian Lokomotiv Yaroslavl ice hockey team crashes shortly after take–off, killing 43 of the 45 people on board, with one, Alexander Galimov, dying five days later. Some of Europe's leading ice hockey players are among those killed in the crash, as only the flight engineer, Alexander Sizov, survives.
2012 – Several earthquakes strike southern China, with at least 80 people being killed.
2012 – Canada breaks off diplomatic relations with Iran over its stance on the political crisis in Syria.
2013 – The Liberal Party of Australia–led coaltion, under leadership of Tony Abbott, defeats Kevin Rudd's Australian Labor Party in Australia's general election.
2013 – Tokyo wins the right to host the 2020 Summer Olympics.
2017 – The 2017 Chiapas earthquake strikes in Mexico.
2019 – Bianca Andreescu becomes the first tennis player born in the 2000s to win a Grand Slam singles title, winning the Women's Final at the US Open against Serena Williams.

Births

Up to 1900

786 – Emperor Saga of Japan (d. 842)
1388 – Gian Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan (d. 1412)
1438 – Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse (d. 1471)
1492 – Jacob Acontius, Italian humanist, philosopher, jurist and engineer (d. 1567)
1524 – Thomas Erastus, Swiss physician and theologian (d. 1583)
1533 – Elizabeth I, Queen of England (d. 1603)
1641 – Tokugawa Ietsuna, Japanese shogun (d. 1680)
1674 – Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany (d. 1728)
1683 – Mary Anne of Austria, Queen of Portugal (d. 1754)
1694 – Johan Ludvig, Danish politician (d. 1763)
1707 – Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, biologist and writer (d. 1788)
1726 – François-André Danican Philidor, French chess player and composer (d. 1795)
1731 – Elisabetta de Gambarini, English composer, singer, organist and harpsichordist (d. 1765)
1740 – Johan Tobias Sergel, Swedish sculptor (d. 1814)
1795 – John Polidori, English writer (d. 1821)
1807 – Henry Sewell, 1st Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1879)
1810 – Hermann Heinrich Gossen, Prussian economist (d. 1858)
1813 – Emil Korytko, Polish political activist and translator (d. 1839)
1815 – John McDouall Stuart, Scottish–Australian explorer (d. 1866)
1815 – Howell Cobb, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1868)
1817 – Louise of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1898)
1818 – Thomas Talbot, 31st Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1886)
1819 – Thomas A. Hendricks, 21st Vice President of the United States and 16th Governor of Indiana (d. 1885)
1829 – Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, German chemist and naturalist (d. 1896)
1831 – Alexandre Falguiere, French sculptor and painter (d. 1900)
1836 – Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Scottish Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1908)
1842 – Johannes Zukertort, German chess player (d. 1888)
1859 – Juan Campisteguy, President of Uruguay (d. 1937)
1860 – Grandma Moses, American painter (d. 1961)
1866 – Tristan Bernard, French playwright and novelist (d. 1947)
1867 – J. P. Morgan, American banker (d. 1943)
1869 – Ben Viljoen, South African general (d. 1917)
1870 – Aleksandr Kuprin, Russian writer and adventurer (d. 1938)
1870 – Thomas Curtis, American athlete (d. 1964)
1876 – Francesco Buhagiar, 2nd Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1934)
1876 – C. J. Dennis, Australian poet (d. 1938)
1885 – Elinor Wylie, American poet and novelist (d. 1928)
1887 – Edith Sitwell, English poet and critic (d. 1964)
1894 – Vic Richardson, Australian cricketer, footballer and sportscaster (d. 1969)
1894 – Gala Dali, wife of Salvador Dalí (d. 1982)
1895 – Jacques Vaché, French writer (d. 1919)
1898 – Mamie Rearden, American supercentenarian (d. 2013)
1900 – Taylor Caldwell, American novelist (d. 1985)
1900 – Giuseppe Zangara, Italian attempted–assassin of Franklin D. Roosevelt (d. 1945)

1901 – 1950

1908 – Michael E. DeBakey, American heart surgeon (d. 2008)
1908 – Max Kaminsky, American trumpeter and bandleader (d. 1994)
1909 – Elia Kazan, Greek–born American movie and theatre director (d. 2003)
1911 – Todor Zhivkov, Bulgarian Communist political leader (d. 1998)
1912 – Henry Packard, American businessman (d. 1996)
1913 – Anthony Quayle, British actor and director (d. 1989)
1914 – James Van Allen, American scientist (d. 2006)
1915 – Kiyoshi Ito, Japanese mathematician (d. 2008)
1917 – John Cornforth, Australian chemist (d. 2013)
1918 – Jorge Illueca, 38th President of Panama (d. 2012)
1921 – Peter A. Peyser, American politician (d. 2014)
1923 – Louise Suggs, American golfer (d. 2015)
1923 – Peter Lawford, British–American actor (d. 1984)
1924 – Daniel Inouye, Hawaiian United States Senator (d. 2012)
1925 – Laura Ashley, Welsh designer (d. 1985)
1925 – Allan Blakeney, Canadian politician (d. 2011)
1926 – Erich Juskowiak, German footballer (d. 1983)
1926 – Don Messick, American voice actor (d. 1997)
1926 – Ronnie Gilbert, American folk singer, songwriter, actress and activist (d. 2014)
1926 – Samuel Goldwyn, Jr., American film producer (d. 2015)
1926 – Patrick Jenkin, English politician
1927 – Eric Hill, English writer and illustrator (d. 2014)
1929 – Bobby Johnstone, Scottish footballer (d. 2001)
1930 – Sonny Rollins, American jazz musician
1930 – Baudouin I, King of Belgium (d. 1993)
1931 – Charles Camilleri, Maltese composer (d. 2009)
1931 – Bruce Reynolds, British train robber (d. 2013)
1934 – Sunil Gangopadhyay, Indian writer and poet (d. 2012)
1934 – Omar Karami, former Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2015)
1935 – Alan Steel, Italian bodybuilder and actor (d. 2015)
1935 – Abdou Diouf, 2nd President of Senegal
1935 – Pedro Manfredini, Argentine footballer
1936 – Buddy Holly, American singer (d. 1959)
1937 – Oleg Lobov, Russian politician
1937 – Olly Wilson, American pianist, bassist and composer
1939 – Stanislav Petrov, Soviet–Russian lieutenant colonel (d. 2017)
1940 – Abdurrahman Wahid, 4th President of Indonesia (d. 2009)
1940 – Dario Argento, Italian movie director and screenwriter
1944 – Bora Milutinovic, Serbian footballer and coach
1945 – Jacques Lemaire, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1946 – Francisco Varela, Chilean biologist and philosopher (d. 2001)
1949 – Barry Siegel, American journalist
1949 – Gloria Gaynor, American singer
1950 – Julie Kavner, American voice actress

1951 – 1975

1951 – Chrissie Hynde, American guitarist and singer
1952 – Des Bremner, Scottish footballer
1954 – Michael Emerson, American actor
1954 – Corbin Bernsen, American actor
1955 – Efim Zelmanov, Russian mathematician
1956 – Diane Warren, American composer
1957 – Jermaine Stewart, American singer (Culture Club) (d. 1997)
1957 – Alok Sharma, Indian–English politician
1958 – Goran Hadzic, Serbian politician (d. 2016)
1959 – Alfred Gislason, Icelandic handball coach
1959 – Ray Stewart, Scottish footballer
1960 – Brad Houser, American bass guitarist, baritone saxophone and bass clarinet player
1960 – Phillip Rhee, American actor, martial artist, director and producer
1961 – Jean-Yves Thibaudet, French pianist
1962 – Jennifer Egan, American writer
1962 – Hasan Vezir, Turkish footballer and manager
1963 – Eazy-E, American rapper (d. 1995)
1964 – Andy Hug, Swiss martial artist and kickboxer (d. 2000)
1965 – Darko Pancev, Macedonian footballer
1965 – Andreas Thom, German footballer
1968 – Marcel Desailly, French footballer
1969 – Diane Farr, American actress
1969 – Angie Everhart, American actress
1972 – Slug, American rapper
1972 – Simon Nash, English voice actor
1973 – Shannon Elizabeth, American actress and poker player
1974 – Mario Frick, Liechtenstein footballer
1974 – Stéphane Henchoz, Swiss footballer
1975 – Norifumi Abe, Japanese motorcycle racer (d. 2007)
1975 – Harold Wallace, Costa Rican footballer

From 1976

1978 – Erwin Koen, Dutch footballer
1980 – Javad Nekounam, Iranian footballer
1980 – Emre Belozoglu, Turkish footballer
1980 – Gabriel Milito, Argentine footballer
1981 – Natalie McGarry, Scottish politician
1983 – Piri Weepu, New Zealand rugby player
1983 – Mehmet Topuz, Turkish footballer
1984 – Ben Hollingsworth, Canadian actor
1984 – Farveez Maharoof, Sri Lankan cricketer
1984 – Vera Zvonareva, Russian tennis player
1985 – Rafinha, Brazilian footballer
1987 – Evan Rachel Wood, American actress
1987 – Robert Snodgrass, Scottish footballer
1988 – Kevin Love, American basketball player
1990 – Tanja Kolbe, German ice dancer
1990 – Alex Harvey, Canadian cross–country skier
1991 – Jennifer Veal, English actress and comedienne
1991 – Amar Garibovic, Serbian skier (d. 2010)
1992 – Kristina Vaculik, Canadian gymnast
1994 – Elinor Barker, Welsh cyclist
1994 – Kento Yamazaki, Japanese actor and model
1995 – Sahaj Grover, Indian chess player
1999 – Michelle Creber, Canadian actress, singer, and dancer
1999 – Cameron Ocasio, American actor
1999 – Gracie Abrams, American singer–songwriter

Deaths

Up to 1900

251 – Sima Yi, Chinese strategist, general and politician
355 – Claudius Silvanus, Roman usurper
1134 – King Alfonso I of Aragon
1151 – Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou (b. 1113)
1312 – Ferdinand IV of Castile (b. 1285)
1464 – Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (b. 1412)
1496 – King Ferdinand II of Naples (b. 1469)
1539 – Guru Nanak Dev, Indian religious leader, founder of Sikhism (b. 1469)
1548 – Catherine Parr, sixth wife of Henry VIII of England
1552 – Guru Angad Dev, 2nd Sikh Guru (b. 1504)
1573 – Joanna of Austria, Regent of Spain (b. 1535)
1632 – Emperor Susenyos of Ethiopia (b. 1572)
1644 – Guido Bentivoglio, Italian statesman (b. 1579)
1657 – Arvid Wittenberg, Swedish count, field marshal and privy councillor (b. 1606)
1685 – William Carpenter, English–American settler, co–founder of Rhode Island (b. 1605)
1708 – Emperor Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (b. 1706)
1731 – Eudoxia Lopukhina, Russian wife of Peter the Great (b. 1669)
1741 – Blas de Lezo, Spanish admiral (b. 1689)
1783 – Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician and physicist (b. 1707)
1799 – Louis Guillaume Lemonnier, French botanist (b. 1717)
1809 – Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke, King of Thailand (b. 1737)
1809 – Caroline Schelling, German writer and translator (b. 1763)
1833 – Hannah More, English poet, playwright and philanthropist (b. 1745)
1871 – Kimenzan Tanigoro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1826)
1881 – Sidney Lanier, American poet and academic (b. 1842)
1891 – Lorenzo Sawyer, American lawyer and judge (b. 1820)
1892 – John Greenleaf Whittier, American poet (b. 1807)
1893 – Hamilton Fish, United States Secretary of State (b. 1808)

1901 – 1950

1902 – Enrique Gaspar y Rimbau, Spanish writer and diplomat (b. 1842)
1909 – Eugene Lefebvre, French aviator (b. 1878)
1910 – William Holman Hunt, English painter (b. 1827)
1920 – Simon Napoleon Parent, 12th Premier of Quebec (b. 1855)
1951 – Maria Montez, Dominican actress (b. 1912)
1953 – Nobuyuki Abe, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1875)
1956 – C. B. Fry, English cricketer, politician and academic (b. 1872)
1959 – Maurice Duplessis, Quebec politician (b. 1890)
1960 – Wilhelm Pieck, East German politician (b. 1876)
1961 – Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy, Dutch lawyer, jurist and politician (b. 1885)
1962 – Eiji Yoshikawa, Japanese novelist (b. 1892)
1962 – Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian singer (b. 1895)
1962 – Karen Blixen, Danish writer (b. 1885)
1969 – Everett Dirksen, American politician (b. 1896)
1978 – Keith Moon, English drummer (The Who) (b. 1946)
1989 – Mikhail Goldstein, Soviet violinist and composer (b. 1917)
1994 – Dennis Morgan, American actor (b. 1908)
1994 – Terence Young, American director and screenwriter (b. 1915)
1998 – Mobutu Sese Seko, leader of Zaire (b. 1930)

From 2001

2001 – Spede Pasanen, Finnish television personality (b. 1930)
2002 – Erma Franklin, American singer (b. 1938)
2004 – Bob Boyd, American baseball player (b. 1925)
2007 – John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (b. 1925)
2010 – Amar Garibovic, Serbian skier (b. 1991)
2011 – Victims of the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash, including:
- Pavol Demitra, Slovakian ice hockey player (b. 1974)
- Stefan Liv, Polish–born Swedish ice hockey player (b. 1980)
- Karel Rachunek, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1979)
- Ruslan Salei, Belarusian ice hockey player (b. 1974)
- Karlis Skrastins, Latvian ice hockey player (b. 1974)
- Jan Marek, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1979)
- Brad McCrimmon, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1959)
- Robert Dietrich, German ice hockey player (b. 1986)
- Sergei Ostapchuk, Belarusian ice hockey player (b. 1990)
- Alexander Karpovtsev, Russian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1970)
- Josef Vasicek, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1980)
- Igor Korolev, Russian–Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1970)
2012 – Leszek Drogosz, Polish boxer and actor (b. 1933)
2013 – Marek Spilar, Slovakian footballer (b. 1975)
2014 – Kwon Ri-se, South Korean singer (b. 1991)
2014 – Fanny Godin, Belgian supercentenarian (b. 1902)
2014 – Raul M. Gonzalez, Filipino teacher and politician (b. 1930)
2014 – Don Keefer, American actor (b. 1916)
2014 – Harold Shipp, Canadian businessman (b. 1926)
2014 – Harry Evans, Australian public servant (b. 1946)
2014 – Elsa-Marianne von Rosen, Swedish ballet dancer, choreographer and actress (b. 1924)
2015 – Candida Royalle, American pornographic actress (b. 1950)
2015 – Susan Allen, American harpist (b. 1951)
2017 – Jeremiah Goodman, American illustrator (b. 1922)
2017 – Kim Ki-duk, South Korean film director and producer (b. 1934)
2017 – Gene Michael, American baseball player (b. 1938)
2018 – Samuel Bodman, American politician (b. 1938)
2018 – Mac Miller, American rapper (b. 1992)
2018 – Yang Side, Chinese general (b. 1921)
2018 – Kurt Helmudt, Danish rower (b. 1943)
2018 – Ingemar Mundebo, Swedish politician (b. 1930)
2018 – Szarlota Pawel, Polish comic book artist (b. 1947)
2019 – Robert Axelrod, American actor (b. 1949)
2019 – Roger Boutry, French composer and conductor (b. 1932)
2019 – Al Carmichael, American football player and stuntman (b. 1928)
2019 – Naiyyum Choudhury, Bangladeshi biochemist (b. 1946)
2019 – Peter Nichols, British playwright (b. 1927)
2019 – Charlie Silvera, American baseball player (b. 1924)
2019 – John Wesley, American actor (b. 1947)

Observances

National Day of Brazil
National Threatened Species Day (Australia)
Victory Day (Mozambique)