Arapaho

Arapaho
Hinono'eino
Total population
	10,861
Regions with significant populations
	United States; (Colorado, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Wyoming);
Languages
	English, Arapaho, Plains Sign Language
Religion
	Christianity, Peyotism, Traditional religions
Related ethnic groups
	Algonquian people, Cheyenne people, Gros Ventre people

The Arapaho (/əˈræpəhoʊ/; French: Arapahos, Gens de Vache) are a tribe of Native Americans in the Great Plains. They used to live on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close friends of the Cheyenne tribe. They were barely friends with the Lakota and Dakota.

History

Early history

Around 3,000 years ago, the ancestors of the Arapaho-speaking people (Heeteinono'eino') lived in the western Great Lakes region. They lived there along the Red River Valley. This would be in what is present-day Manitoba, Canada and Minnesota, United States. The Arapaho were an agricultural people. They grew crops, including maize.

Language

The Arapaho language is currently spoken in two different dialects. It is considered to be a part the Algonquian language family. There are only about 250 fluent speakers of Northern Arapaho. Most of them live on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming. There are even fewer fluent Southern Arapaho speakers. All of them are very old.

References

↑ "2010 Census CPH-T-6. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010" (PDF). census.gov.
↑ Pritzker 319
↑ Pritzker 297
↑ Cowell, Andrew & Ramsberger, Gail & Menn, Lise. "Dementia and grammar in a polysynthetic language: An Arapaho case study." Language, vol. 93 no. 1, 2017, pp. 97-120. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/lan.2017.0002

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[1] "2010 Census CPH-T-6. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010" (PDF). census.gov.

[2] Pritzker 319

[3] Pritzker 297

[4] Cowell, Andrew & Ramsberger, Gail & Menn, Lise. "Dementia and grammar in a polysynthetic language: An Arapaho case study." Language, vol. 93 no. 1, 2017, pp. 97-120. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/lan.2017.0002