Catatonia

Catatonic schizophrenia
Classification and external resources
ICD-10F20.2
ICD-9295.2
MeSHD002389

Catatonia means a person is awake, but does not move, talk, or react to anything but pain. The person can stay stiff and still for hours. A person with catatonia may look to be in a stupor (being mentally numb and in a daze). The cause is in the nervous system; the brain and nerves. This problem was first written about in 1874 in Die Katatonie oder das Spannungsirresein.

Causes

Catatonia can sometimes happen with mental disorders. It can be a symptom of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression. Catatonia may also happen when a person abuses drugs or overdoses by taking too much of a drug.

Catatonia can also be caused by many different medical disorders. Some causes are infections, such as encephalitis; autoimmune diseases; damage to the brain from strokes; and metabolic problems.

A person can also get catatonia from benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome, which happens if the person quickly stops taking benzodiazepine medications.

Treatment

Doctors can treat catatonia. They usually start with medicines such as benzodiazepines. If those medicines do not work; doctors may use shock therapy. Antipsychotic medicines can also be used, but with safety in mind. Sometimes they can make catatonia worse or have bad side effects. A group of anesthetic drugs called NMDA antagonists may be helpful when benzodiazepines don't work.

References

  1. ↑ Fink, Max; Taylor, Michael Alan (2006-11-23). Catatonia: A Clinician's Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-03236-0.
  2. ↑ Dr Hans-Peter Haack. "Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum". Archived from the original on 6 April 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. ↑ Rosebush, Patricia I.; Mazurek, Michael F. (August 1996). "Catatonia after benzodiazepine withdrawal". Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 16 (4): 315–9. doi:10.1097/00004714-199608000-00007. PMID 8835707.
  4. ↑ Deuschle M, Lederbogen F (January 2001). "Benzodiazepine withdrawal-induced catatonia". Pharmacopsychiatry. 34 (1): 41–2. doi:10.1055/s-2001-15188. PMID 11229621. S2CID 260241781.
  5. ↑ Kanemoto K, Miyamoto T, Abe R (September 1999). "Ictal catatonia as a manifestation of de novo absence status epilepticus following benzodiazepine withdrawal". Seizure. 8 (6): 364–6. doi:10.1053/seiz.1999.0309. PMID 10512781. S2CID 17454162.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ Fink M, Taylor MA: CATATONIA: A Clinician's Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment, Cambridge U Press, 2003"
  7. ↑ Daniels, J. (2009). "Catatonia: clinical aspects and neurobiological correlates". J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 21 (4): 371–80. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21.4.371. PMID 19996245.

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