First Bulgarian Empire

First Bulgarian Empire
ц︢рьство бл︢гарское
First Bulgarian Empire ц︢рьство бл︢гарское
681–1018
	First Bulgarian Empire in 850
Capital	Pliska (681–893),; Preslav (893–968/972)
Common languages	Bulgar,; Byzantine Greek,; Balkan Romance,; Old Church Slavonic
Religion	Tengrism, Slavic paganism (681–864),; Orthodox Christianity (state religion from 864)
Government	Absolute monarchy
Monarch
• 681-700	Asparuh (first)
• 1015-1018	Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria (last)
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Asparuh arrives and defeats Eastern Rome at the Battle of Ongal	680
• New Bulgarian state recognized by Eastern Rome	681
• Christianisation	864
• Adoption of Church Slavonic as a national language	893
• Simeon I assumes the title of Tsar (Emperor)	913
• Theme Bulgaria established in Byzantine Empire	1018 1018
Area
895	400,000 km2 (150,000 sq mi)
927	287,000 km2 (111,000 sq mi)
1000	235,000 km2 (91,000 sq mi)
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Quaestura exercitus
	Avar Khaganate
	Old Great Bulgaria
Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty

The First Bulgarian Empire (Church Slavonic: ц︢рьство бл︢гарское, ts'rstvo bl'garskoe) was a medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 632 in the lands near the Danube Delta, which disintegrated in AD 1018 after its annexation to the Byzantine Empire. It was succeeded by the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185.

References

↑ Fine, John (1991). Early medieval Balkans. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
Curta, Florin (31 August 2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle ages 500 - 1200. ISBN 0-521-81539-8.
↑ Curta, Florin (31 August 2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle ages 500 - 1200. ISBN 0-521-81539-8.
↑ Sedlar, Jean W. (2011). East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500. University of Washington Press. p. 424. ISBN 9780295800646.
↑ Fletcher, Richard A. (1999). The Barbarian Conversion: from Paganism to Christianity. University of California Press. p. 338. ISBN 0-520-21859-0.
↑ Adrados, Francisco Rodríguez (2005). A History of the Greek Language: from its Origins to the Present. BRILL. p. 265. ISBN 90-04-12835-2.
↑ Curta 2008, pp. 350–351
↑ Language Contact in Europe The Periphrastic Perfect Through History by Bridget Drinka (2017) Cambridge University Press page 290 (ISBN : 9780521514934)
1 2 3 Rashev, Rasho (2008). Българската езическа култура VII -IX в./Bulgarian Pagan Culture VII - IX c. (in Bulgarian). Класика и стил. ISBN 9789543270392.
↑ Davies, Norman (1997). Europe. A History. Oxford University press. ISBN 954-427-663-7.
↑ Radoev, Ivanov Alexander (2019). THE CROATIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH Was, Is, And Shall Be. Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Archbishop Alexander. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-359-99545-5. According to the law of 893, in the Bulgarian Empire everyone was Bulgarian, and the Bulgarian language was mandatory in the liturgy (with Cyrillic or Glagolitic script).

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[EarlyMedievalBalkans-1] Fine, John (1991). Early medieval Balkans. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.

[2] Curta, Florin (31 August 2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle ages 500 - 1200. ISBN 0-521-81539-8.

[3] Curta, Florin (31 August 2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle ages 500 - 1200. ISBN 0-521-81539-8.

[4] Sedlar, Jean W. (2011). East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500. University of Washington Press. p. 424. ISBN 9780295800646.

[5] Fletcher, Richard A. (1999). The Barbarian Conversion: from Paganism to Christianity. University of California Press. p. 338. ISBN 0-520-21859-0.

[6] Adrados, Francisco Rodríguez (2005). A History of the Greek Language: from its Origins to the Present. BRILL. p. 265. ISBN 90-04-12835-2.

[7] Curta 2008, pp. 350–351

[8] Language Contact in Europe The Periphrastic Perfect Through History by Bridget Drinka (2017) Cambridge University Press page 290 (ISBN : 9780521514934)

[Bulgarian_Pagan_Culture_VII_-_IX_c-9] 1 2 3 Rashev, Rasho (2008). Българската езическа култура VII -IX в./Bulgarian Pagan Culture VII - IX c. (in Bulgarian). Класика и стил. ISBN 9789543270392.

[10] Davies, Norman (1997). Europe. A History. Oxford University press. ISBN 954-427-663-7.

[11] Radoev, Ivanov Alexander (2019). THE CROATIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH Was, Is, And Shall Be. Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Archbishop Alexander. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-359-99545-5. According to the law of 893, in the Bulgarian Empire everyone was Bulgarian, and the Bulgarian language was mandatory in the liturgy (with Cyrillic or Glagolitic script).