Forza Italia

Forza Italia
Forza Italia
President	Silvio Berlusconi
Vice President	Giulio Tremonti (2004–2009); Roberto Formigoni (2008–2009)
Founded	18 January 1994
Dissolved	27 March 2009
Merged into	The People of Freedom
Headquarters	Via dell'Umiltà 36, Rome
Student wing	Students for the Freedoms
Youth wing	Forza Italia – Young People for Freedom
Membership (2007)	400,000
Ideology	Liberal conservatism; Christian democracy; Liberalism; Populism; Social democracy (minority)
Political position	Centre-right
National affiliation	Pole of Freedoms/Pole of Good Government (1994),; Pole for Freedoms (1996–2001),; House of Freedoms (2001–2008)
European affiliation	European People's Party (1999–2009)
European Parliament group	Forza Europa (1994–1995),; Union for Europe (1995–1998),; EPP–ED (1998–2009)
Colours	Azure
	Political parties;

Forza Italia (FI; translated to "Forward Italy" or "Let's Go Italy") was a centre-right political party in Italy with liberal-conservative, Christian-democratic, liberal, social-democratic and populist ideas. Its leader was Silvio Berlusconi, who was Prime Minister of Italy four times.

References

↑ ""Forza Italia ha raggiunto quota 400mila iscritti"". Il Giornale. 10 March 2007. Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
1 2 3 Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Italy". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
1 2 Ruzza; Fella (2009). Re-inventing the Italian Right. p. 128.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Chiara Moroni, Da Forza Italia al Popolo della Libertà, Carocci, Rome 2008
1 2 Woods, Dwayne (2014). The Many Faces of Populism in Italy: The Northern League and Berlusconism. Emerald Group. pp. 28, 41–44. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
1 2 Ruzza; Fella (2009). Re-inventing the Italian Right. pp. 136–140, 217–218.
1 2 von Beyme, Klaus (2011). Representative democracy and the populist temptation. Cambridge University Press. pp. 59, 64–65. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
1 2 3 4 Maurizio Cotta; Luca Verzichelli (12 May 2007). Political Institutions of Italy. Oxford University Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-19-928470-2. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
↑ Michael J. Romano (4 October 2010). CliffsNotes AP European History with CD-ROM. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 231–. ISBN 978-0-470-55100-4.
↑ Bertrand Badie; Dirk Berg-Schlosser; Leonardo Morlino (7 September 2011). International Encyclopedia of Political Science. SAGE Publications. pp. 1796–. ISBN 978-1-4522-6649-7.
↑ Thomas Jansen; Steven Van Hecke (2011). At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party. Springer. p. 63. ISBN 978-3-642-19414-6.
↑ Tom Lansford (24 March 2015). Political Handbook of the World 2015. SAGE Publications. pp. 3066–. ISBN 978-1-4833-7155-9.
↑ Donatella M. Viola (14 August 2015). Routledge Handbook of European Elections. Routledge. pp. 115–. ISBN 978-1-317-50363-7.
↑ Stephen Gundle; Simon Parker (1 November 2002). The New Italian Republic: From the Fall of the Berlin Wall to Berlusconi. Routledge. pp. 135–. ISBN 978-1-134-80791-8.
↑ Peter Mair; Wolfgang C Müller; Fritz Plasser (9 June 2004). Political Parties and Electoral Change: Party Responses to Electoral Markets. SAGE Publications. pp. 144–. ISBN 978-0-7619-4719-6.
↑ Stephen P. Koff (7 March 2013). Italy: From the 1st to the 2nd Republic. Routledge. pp. 44–. ISBN 978-1-134-64369-1.
↑ J. Colomer (5 January 2016). The Handbook of Electoral System Choice. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 244–. ISBN 978-0-230-52274-9.
↑ Orsina, Giovanni (2014). Berlusconism and Italy: A Historical Interpretation. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 169.
↑ Svante Ersson; Jan-Erik Lane (1999). Politics and Society in Western Europe. SAGE. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-7619-5862-8. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
1 2 Carol Diane St Louis (2011). Negotiating Change: Approaches to and the Distributional Implications of Social Welfare and Economic Reform. Stanford University. p. 132. STANFORD:RW793BX2256. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
↑ Oreste Massari, I partiti politici nelle democrazie contempoiranee, Laterza, Rome-Bari 2004

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[1] ""Forza Italia ha raggiunto quota 400mila iscritti"". Il Giornale. 10 March 2007. Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.

[Parties-and-Elections-2] 1 2 3 Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Italy". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2018.

[RuzzaFella128-3] 1 2 Ruzza; Fella (2009). Re-inventing the Italian Right. p. 128.

[Moroni-4] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chiara Moroni, Da Forza Italia al Popolo della Libertà, Carocci, Rome 2008

[Woods284144-5] 1 2 Woods, Dwayne (2014). The Many Faces of Populism in Italy: The Northern League and Berlusconism. Emerald Group. pp. 28, 41–44. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[RuzzaFella136218-6] 1 2 Ruzza; Fella (2009). Re-inventing the Italian Right. pp. 136–140, 217–218.

[Beyme2011_5965-7] 1 2 von Beyme, Klaus (2011). Representative democracy and the populist temptation. Cambridge University Press. pp. 59, 64–65. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[CottaVerzichelli2007-8] 1 2 3 4 Maurizio Cotta; Luca Verzichelli (12 May 2007). Political Institutions of Italy. Oxford University Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-19-928470-2. Retrieved 24 August 2012.

[Romano2010-9] Michael J. Romano (4 October 2010). CliffsNotes AP European History with CD-ROM. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 231–. ISBN 978-0-470-55100-4.

[BadieBerg-Schlosser2011-10] Bertrand Badie; Dirk Berg-Schlosser; Leonardo Morlino (7 September 2011). International Encyclopedia of Political Science. SAGE Publications. pp. 1796–. ISBN 978-1-4522-6649-7.

[JansenHecke2011-11] Thomas Jansen; Steven Van Hecke (2011). At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party. Springer. p. 63. ISBN 978-3-642-19414-6.

[Lansford2015-12] Tom Lansford (24 March 2015). Political Handbook of the World 2015. SAGE Publications. pp. 3066–. ISBN 978-1-4833-7155-9.

[Viola2015-13] Donatella M. Viola (14 August 2015). Routledge Handbook of European Elections. Routledge. pp. 115–. ISBN 978-1-317-50363-7.

[GundleParker2002-14] Stephen Gundle; Simon Parker (1 November 2002). The New Italian Republic: From the Fall of the Berlin Wall to Berlusconi. Routledge. pp. 135–. ISBN 978-1-134-80791-8.

[MairMüller2004-15] Peter Mair; Wolfgang C Müller; Fritz Plasser (9 June 2004). Political Parties and Electoral Change: Party Responses to Electoral Markets. SAGE Publications. pp. 144–. ISBN 978-0-7619-4719-6.

[Koff2013-16] Stephen P. Koff (7 March 2013). Italy: From the 1st to the 2nd Republic. Routledge. pp. 44–. ISBN 978-1-134-64369-1.

[Colomer2016-17] J. Colomer (5 January 2016). The Handbook of Electoral System Choice. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 244–. ISBN 978-0-230-52274-9.

[Orsina-18] Orsina, Giovanni (2014). Berlusconism and Italy: A Historical Interpretation. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 169.

[ErssonLane1999-19] Svante Ersson; Jan-Erik Lane (1999). Politics and Society in Western Europe. SAGE. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-7619-5862-8. Retrieved 17 August 2012.

[Louis2011-20] 1 2 Carol Diane St Louis (2011). Negotiating Change: Approaches to and the Distributional Implications of Social Welfare and Economic Reform. Stanford University. p. 132. STANFORD:RW793BX2256. Retrieved 17 August 2012.

[Massari-21] Oreste Massari, I partiti politici nelle democrazie contempoiranee, Laterza, Rome-Bari 2004