Hekla 3 eruption

The Hekla 3 eruption (circa 1000 BCE) is thought to be the most severe eruption of Hekla during the Holocene.

Impact

It threw more than 7 km³ of volcanic rock into the atmosphere. This would have caused a volcanic winter, cooling temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere for many years afterwards.

Claims

Some claim that an eighteen-year span of global cooling that is recorded in Irish bog oaks can be blamed on Hekla-3.

Some Egyptologists have blamed Hekla-3 for famines under Ramesses III during the wider Bronze Age collapse.

References

↑ Eiríksson, Jón; Knudsen, Karen Luise; Haflidason, Haflidi; Heinemeier, Jan (September 2000). "Chronology of late Holocene climatic events in the northern North Atlantic based on AMS14C dates and tephra markers from the volcano Hekla, Iceland". Journal of Quaternary Science. 15 (6): 573–580. doi:10.1002/1099-1417(200009)15:6<573::AID-JQS554>3.0.CO;2-A. ISSN 0267-8179.
↑ Baillie, M. G. L (1989-01-01). "Hekla 3: how big was it?". Endeavour. 13 (2): 78–81. doi:10.1016/0160-9327(89)90006-9. ISSN 0160-9327.

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[1] Eiríksson, Jón; Knudsen, Karen Luise; Haflidason, Haflidi; Heinemeier, Jan (September 2000). "Chronology of late Holocene climatic events in the northern North Atlantic based on AMS14C dates and tephra markers from the volcano Hekla, Iceland". Journal of Quaternary Science. 15 (6): 573–580. doi:10.1002/1099-1417(200009)15:6<573::AID-JQS554>3.0.CO;2-A. ISSN 0267-8179.

[2] Baillie, M. G. L (1989-01-01). "Hekla 3: how big was it?". Endeavour. 13 (2): 78–81. doi:10.1016/0160-9327(89)90006-9. ISSN 0160-9327.