High-definition map

A high-definition map (HD map) is a highly accurate map made for self-driving cars. They have things not present on traditional maps. HD maps are accurate at a centimetre level.

HD maps are made using different sensors. These sensors include LiDARs, radars, digital cameras and GPS. HD maps can also be made using aerial imagery.

High-definition maps can include things like road shape, road marking, traffic signs and barriers.

References

↑ Liu, Rong; Wang, Jinling; Zhang, Bingqi (27 August 2019). "High Definition Map for Automated Driving: Overview and Analysis". Journal of Navigation. 73 (2): 324–341. doi:10.1017/S0373463319000638. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_77182. ISSN 0373-4633. S2CID 202906063.
1 2 3 Vardhan, Harsha (2017-09-22). "HD Maps: New age maps powering autonomous vehicles". Geospatial World. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
1 2 Matthews, Kayla (September 16, 2019). "What are HD maps, and how will they get us closer to autonomous cars?". EETimes.
↑ Jiao, J. (22 June 2018). "Machine Learning Assisted High-Definition Map Creation". 2018 IEEE 42nd Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). Vol. 01. pp. 367–373. doi:10.1109/COMPSAC.2018.00058. ISBN 978-1-5386-2666-5. S2CID 52058583.
↑ "HD maps—the hidden sensors that help autonomous vehicles see round corners". Automotive World. 14 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
↑ Mueck, Markus; Karls, Ingolf (9 January 2018). Networking vehicles to everything : evolving automotive solutions. Boston. ISBN 978-1-5015-0724-3. OCLC 1021887635.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
↑ Javanmardi, Mahdi; Javanmardi, Ehsan; Gu, Yanlei; Kamijo, Shunsuke (2017-09-21). "Towards High-Definition 3D Urban Mapping: Road Feature-Based Registration of Mobile Mapping Systems and Aerial Imagery". Remote Sensing. 9 (10): 975. Bibcode:2017RemS....9..975J. doi:10.3390/rs9100975. ISSN 2072-4292.
↑ Zang, Andi; Xu, Runsheng; Li, Zichen; Doria, David (2017-11-07). "Lane boundary extraction from satellite imagery". Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL Workshop on High-Precision Maps and Intelligent Applications for Autonomous Vehicles. Redondo Beach California: ACM. pp. 1–8. arXiv:2002.02362. doi:10.1145/3149092.3149093. ISBN 978-1-4503-5497-4. S2CID 11512991.
↑ Zang, Andi; Chen, Xin; Trajcevski, Goce (2018-06-05). "High definition maps in urban context". SIGSPATIAL Special. 10 (1): 15–20. doi:10.1145/3231541.3231546. ISSN 1946-7729. S2CID 47019015.

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[1] Liu, Rong; Wang, Jinling; Zhang, Bingqi (27 August 2019). "High Definition Map for Automated Driving: Overview and Analysis". Journal of Navigation. 73 (2): 324–341. doi:10.1017/S0373463319000638. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_77182. ISSN 0373-4633. S2CID 202906063.

[:0-2] 1 2 3 Vardhan, Harsha (2017-09-22). "HD Maps: New age maps powering autonomous vehicles". Geospatial World. Retrieved 2021-01-20.

[:1-3] 1 2 Matthews, Kayla (September 16, 2019). "What are HD maps, and how will they get us closer to autonomous cars?". EETimes.

[4] Jiao, J. (22 June 2018). "Machine Learning Assisted High-Definition Map Creation". 2018 IEEE 42nd Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). Vol. 01. pp. 367–373. doi:10.1109/COMPSAC.2018.00058. ISBN 978-1-5386-2666-5. S2CID 52058583.

[5] "HD maps—the hidden sensors that help autonomous vehicles see round corners". Automotive World. 14 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2021-01-20.

[6] Mueck, Markus; Karls, Ingolf (9 January 2018). Networking vehicles to everything : evolving automotive solutions. Boston. ISBN 978-1-5015-0724-3. OCLC 1021887635.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[7] Javanmardi, Mahdi; Javanmardi, Ehsan; Gu, Yanlei; Kamijo, Shunsuke (2017-09-21). "Towards High-Definition 3D Urban Mapping: Road Feature-Based Registration of Mobile Mapping Systems and Aerial Imagery". Remote Sensing. 9 (10): 975. Bibcode:2017RemS....9..975J. doi:10.3390/rs9100975. ISSN 2072-4292.

[8] Zang, Andi; Xu, Runsheng; Li, Zichen; Doria, David (2017-11-07). "Lane boundary extraction from satellite imagery". Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL Workshop on High-Precision Maps and Intelligent Applications for Autonomous Vehicles. Redondo Beach California: ACM. pp. 1–8. arXiv:2002.02362. doi:10.1145/3149092.3149093. ISBN 978-1-4503-5497-4. S2CID 11512991.

[9] Zang, Andi; Chen, Xin; Trajcevski, Goce (2018-06-05). "High definition maps in urban context". SIGSPATIAL Special. 10 (1): 15–20. doi:10.1145/3231541.3231546. ISSN 1946-7729. S2CID 47019015.