Laparoscopy is a surgical technique. It is commonly called "keyhole surgery". The surgery is done through a small incision (~opening or cut). This is a "minimally invasive procedure". Its benefits include: reduced pain, reduced bleeding, and shorter recovery time. It needs special surgical instruments, and a fibre optic system so the surgeon can see into the right place.
The first laparoscopic procedure was performed by German surgeon Georg Kelling in 1901.