Laws of war
The laws of war are some simple rules or international laws which most people accept about war, out of humanitarianism. Many people think that because there is fighting, there should be no rules. This is called "total war". However, laws of war have been made so that wars do not get worse than they need to be.
The laws
- Anything marked as a hospital, an ambulance, a doctor, or a first aid person should not be attacked. Those places, vehicles, and people should not have weapons.
- Anyone who is a member of a neutral power should not be a target of violence (unless the person is committing or intending to commit a hostile act).
- Anyone fighting in the war has to wear a uniform. They can only wear the uniform of their side. Also, they have to carry their weapons out in the open where they can be seen.
- Anyone carrying or waving a plain white flag or piece of cloth must not be attacked. That person should also not attack anyone. They may want to surrender, or just talk about ways to solve the problem without more fighting.
- Any enemy soldier captured must be treated fairly as a prisoner of war.
- Religious buildings such as churches, mosques, and temples are to be protected at all costs.
- Occupied territory should be governed fairly and not looted or devastated.
Where the laws come from
These laws come from various treaties, including:
- The Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law of 1856, which abolished privateering
- The First Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field of 1864
- The St. Petersburg Declaration of 1868. It bans ammunition of less that 400 grams weight. It also bans ammunition with Fulminates in them, or with inflammable substances. Through this convention, it is no longer allowed to use ammunition that falls apart into fragments, that burns, or explodes for small arms. Such ammunition can still be used in autocannon or artillery though.
- The Hague Conventions of 1898 and 1907
- Various other Geneva Conventions
- The Charter of the United Nations
- Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects. This bans certain types of weapons (like some landmines, weapons with fragmenting ammunition, incendiary devices and blinding laser weapons)