List of scientists from Europe

This is a list of scientists from Europe .

Albania

Bashkim Fino, was prime minister; economist; He died in 2021.
Rexhep Meidani, former president of Albania; physicist; b. 1944

Austria

Sigmund Freud, pioneer of psychoanalysis; neurologist, psychologist
Karl Landsteiner, discovered that there are different types of human blood; had a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine; d. 1943
Lise Meitner, Austrian-Swedish, helped discover nuclear fission; physicist d. 1968
Erwin Schrödinger, thought of the Schrödinger equation; physicist; d. 1961

Azerbaijan

Vafa Guluzade - he was a Foreign Policy State Advisor for Azerbaijan President; the political scientist died in 2015.

Lotfi A. Zadeh - pioneer (or one of the earliest scientists) of fuzzy logic; computer scientist, electrical engineer, mathematician; d. 2017

Belarus

Barys Kit, he was author of the first book on rocket propellant
Lev Vygotsky, credited for starting the concept, zone of proximal development, or ZPD, which is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she cannot do; Psychology; died in 1934

Belgium

Pages appear in Category:Belgian scientists

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Pages appear in Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina scientists

Alojz Benac - became a corresponding member of the Yugoslav/Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Archeology; died in 1992.
Smilja Mučibabić, she was a biologist

Bulgaria

Lyubomir Ivanov, got the award, Acad. Nikola Obreshkov Prize, the highest Bulgarian award in mathematics.; Linguistics, Mathematics

Croatia

Pages appear in Category:Croatian scientists

Dubravka Jurlina Alibegović, former cabinet member; economist
Slaven Letica, was member of parliament; economist
Miroslav Tuđman, information scientist
Roger Joseph Boscovich, maker of a precursor of atomic theory; made the first geometric procedure for finding out the equator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position; discoverer of the absence of atmosphere on the Moon; he was from a city in what later became Croatia; died in 1787

Czechia

Pages appear in Category:Czech scientists

Gerty Cori, Czech-American; she had a Nobel Prize; biochemist
Milan Nakonečný, mathematician

Denmark

Pages appear in Category:Danish scientists

Tycho Brahe, he discovered (before the invention of telescopes) that the universe outside the Solar System could change when he studied a supernova and a comet; astronomer
Niels Bohr, physicist, d. 1962

Estonia

Pages appear in Category:Estonian scientists

Karl Ernst von Baer, Embryology (within Biology); died in 1876
Madis Kõiv - he got the award, the Tuglas short story award; physicist, writer and philosopher; died in 2014
Jaak Panksepp, he was an Estonian-American neuroscientist, psychobiologist; pioneer of the term "affective neuroscience", the name for the field that studies the neural mechanisms of emotion.

Finland

Pages appear in Category:Finnish scientists

Linus Torvalds, famous for his operating system Linux; computer scientist

France

Pages appear in Category:French scientists

Irène Joliot-Curie
Sophie Germain
Blaise Pascal, he was the creator of Pascal's Triangle

Georgia

Pages appear in Category:Scientists from Georgia (country)

Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze, was a member of the Parliament of Georgia; assyriologist (and therefore a linguist)
Jamshid Giunashvili - he was a linguist (Iranologist); died in 2017
Giorgi Maisashvili, was presidential candidate, economist
Ghia Nodia, minister of education and science; political scientist

Germany

Alexander von Humboldt, geographer, botanist d. 1859
Max Planck, physicist, d. 1947
Martin Heidegger, philosopher, d. 1976

Great Britain

Pages appear in Category:British scientists

John Law, Scottish economist, writer; Controller General of Finances under the Duke of Orleans, who was regent for Louis XV of France
Meave Leakey, anthropologist
James Mirrlees, Scottish, won a Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences

Greece

Pages appear in Category:Greek scientists

Yanis Varoufakis, finance minister; economist

Hungary

Pages appear in Category:Hungarian scientists

János Bolyai, mathematician, one of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry — a geometry that differs from Euclidean geometry in its definition of parallel lines; died in 1860
John von Neumann, Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist; he had an Enrico Fermi Award

Ireland

Pages appear in Category:Irish scientists

Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish, known for Boyle's law; physicist, chemist

Italy

Pages appear in Category:Italian scientists

Gerolamo Cardano, he invented - partially - the gimbal consisting of three concentric rings allowing a supported compass or gyroscope to rotate freely, and the Cardan shaft; died in 1576
Enrico Fermi, Italian-American, was creator of the first nuclear reactor; physicist
Rita Levi-Montalcini, she had the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; neurologist

Kosovo

Idriz Ajeti (the first chief of Kosova Academy of Sciences and Arts)

Latvia

Pages appear in Category:Latvian scientists

Rūsiņš Mārtiņš Freivalds, discovered Freivalds' algorithm for checking the correctness of matrix products; Theoretical computer science; died in 2016
Wilhelm Ostwald, Latvian-German; he had a Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Lithuania

Gitanas Nausėda, president, economist
Vyda Ragulskienė, was the first woman to become Dr.habil. of technical sciences in Lithuania
Ingrida Šimonytė, prime minister, economist

Luxembourg

Pages appear in Category:Luxembourgian scientists

Ernest Mühlen, was Member of the European Parliament; economist
Jean-Paul Pier, was known for his works on the harmonic analysis and the history of mathematics

Macedonia

Ratko Janev, was a member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Atomic physics

Moldova

Natalia Gavrilița, prime minister, economist

Netherlands

Pages appear in Category:Dutch scientists

Pieter Zeeman, he shared a Nobel Prize in Physics

Norway

Pages appear in Category:Norwegian scientists

Niels Henrik Abel, did the first complete proof demonstrating the impossibility of solving the general quintic equation (en) in radicals; mathematician; died in 1829
Kaare R. Norum
Jacqueline Naze Tjøtta, French-Norwegian, the first female mathematical sciences professor in Norway; Applied mathematics, she died in 2017

Poland

Pages appear in Category:Polish scientists

Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer, d. 1543
Hugo Steinhaus, was known for his Banach–Steinhaus theorem

Portugal

Pages appear in Category:Portuguese scientists

Carlos Moedas, mayor of Lisbon; civil engineer, economist

Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues, former president of the Assembly of the Republic; economist

Romania

Russia

Pages appear in Category:Russian scientists

Andrei Sakharov (d. 1989), Russian-born Soviet nuclear physicist; peace activist
Leonid Kantorovich - Russian mathematician
Sofya Kovalevskaya - Russian mathematician

Slovakia

Philipp Lenard (d. 1947), physicist, born in Pressburg (Pozsony, in today's Bratislava, Slovakia), in the Kingdom of Hungary

Slovenia

Pages appear in Category:Slovenian scientists

Janez Stanovnik, was president of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia; economist

Spain

Pages appear in Category:Spanish scientists

Clara Ponsatí i Obiols, Counsellor of Education of the Generalitat of Catalonia; economist
Santiago Ramón y Cajal, was a medical doctor who got a Nobel Prize

Sweden

Pages appear in Category:Swedish scientists

Alfred Nobel (d. 1896), chemist, engineer, inventor

Switzerland

Pages appear in Category:Swiss scientists

Leonhard Euler, was the first to show the notion of (or idea about), a mathematical function; died in 1783

Turkey

List of Turkish scientists

Ukraine

Pages appear in Category:Ukrainian scientists

Anatoliy Kinakh, former prime minister; economist
Kostiantyn Sytnyk - he was a Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada (a parliament) of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic; Botany; he died in 2017
Arseniy Yatsenyuk, has been prime minister; economist

Related pages

References

↑ https://snl.no/Sigmund_Freud. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved April 10, 2022
↑ https://snl.no/Lise_Meitner. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved April 10, 2022
↑ https://snl.no/schr%C3%B6dingerligningen. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 2023-03-10
↑ Kit, Boris and Evered, Douglas S., Rocket Propellant Handbook, 1st ed., The Macmillan Company, New York, 1960.
↑ Zone of proximal development. (2009). In Penguin dictionary of psychology. Retrieved from Credo Reference database
↑ Stanlaw, J. (2005). Vygotsky, lev semenovich (1896--1934). In Encyclopedia of anthropology. Retrieved from Credo Reference Database
↑ The Academician Nikola Obreshkov Prize for 1987
↑ Энциклопедия для детей (астрономия). Москва: Аванта+. 1998. ISBN 978-5-89501-016-7.
↑ Panksepp, J (1992). "A critical role for "affective neuroscience" in resolving what is basic about basic emotions". Psychological Review. 99 (3): 554–60. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.99.3.554. PMID 1502276. S2CID 5551253.
↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-06-29. Retrieved 2008-07-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ Walker, Brendan M (2017-10-13). "Jaak Panksepp: Pioneer of Affective Neuroscience". Neuropsychopharmacology. 42 (12): 2470. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.168. ISSN 0893-133X. PMC 5645743. PMID 29026256.
↑ "Georgian Academy of Sciences (GAS)". Archived from the original on 2013-10-22. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
↑ Tbilisi State University
↑ Home Page of Tamaz Gamkrelidze (2015-07-05 not accessible)
↑ ფერეიიდანი, ჯემშიდ გიუნაშვილი - მეგობრობის მაცნე Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine (in Georgian)
↑ Jerome Cardan: A Biographical Study. Dodo Press. January 2009. ISBN 9781409959595.
↑ news.rs, Serbia world (19 February 2015). "CHRONOLOGY OF THE SERBIAN – ALBANIAN RELATIONSHIPS FROM THE BERLIN CONGRESS TO THE MARCH POGROM 2004".
↑ "The Biography of Niels Henrik Abel: His last years". www.abelprize.no. Archived from the original on 2018-04-09. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
↑ https://snl.no/Niels_Henrik_Abel. Store norske leksikon
↑ Berntsen, Jarle; Lunde, Per (16 March 2017). "Nekrolog: Jacqueline Andreè Naze Tjøtta". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 26 March 2017.
↑ Dunham 1999, p. 17

[1] ttps://snl.no/Sigmund_Freud. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved April 10, 2022

[2] ttps://snl.no/Lise_Meitner. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved April 10, 2022

[3] ttps://snl.no/schr%C3%B6dingerligningen. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 2023-03-10

[4] Kit, Boris and Evered, Douglas S., Rocket Propellant Handbook, 1st ed., The Macmillan Company, New York, 1960.

[ReferenceA-5] Zone of proximal development. (2009). In Penguin dictionary of psychology. Retrieved from Credo Reference database

[6] Stanlaw, J. (2005). Vygotsky, lev semenovich (1896--1934). In Encyclopedia of anthropology. Retrieved from Credo Reference Database

[7] The Academician Nikola Obreshkov Prize for 1987

[8] Энциклопедия для детей (астрономия). Москва: Аванта+. 1998. ISBN 978-5-89501-016-7.

[9] Panksepp, J (1992). "A critical role for "affective neuroscience" in resolving what is basic about basic emotions". Psychological Review. 99 (3): 554–60. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.99.3.554. PMID 1502276. S2CID 5551253.

[10] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-06-29. Retrieved 2008-07-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[11] Walker, Brendan M (2017-10-13). "Jaak Panksepp: Pioneer of Affective Neuroscience". Neuropsychopharmacology. 42 (12): 2470. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.168. ISSN 0893-133X. PMC 5645743. PMID 29026256.

[12] "Georgian Academy of Sciences (GAS)". Archived from the original on 2013-10-22. Retrieved 2017-09-14.

[13] Tbilisi State University

[14] Home Page of Tamaz Gamkrelidze (2015-07-05 not accessible)

[15] ფერეიიდანი, ჯემშიდ გიუნაშვილი - მეგობრობის მაცნე Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine (in Georgian)

[16] Jerome Cardan: A Biographical Study. Dodo Press. January 2009. ISBN 9781409959595.

[17] ws.rs, Serbia world (19 February 2015). "CHRONOLOGY OF THE SERBIAN – ALBANIAN RELATIONSHIPS FROM THE BERLIN CONGRESS TO THE MARCH POGROM 2004".

[LastYears-18] "The Biography of Niels Henrik Abel: His last years". www.abelprize.no. Archived from the original on 2018-04-09. Retrieved 2017-09-17.

[19] ttps://snl.no/Niels_Henrik_Abel. Store norske leksikon

[ap-20] Berntsen, Jarle; Lunde, Per (16 March 2017). "Nekrolog: Jacqueline Andreè Naze Tjøtta". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 26 March 2017.

[function-21] Dunham 1999, p. 17