NML Cygni

NML Cygni or V1489 Cygni is a red hypergiant star. It is one of the brightest supergiant stars. It was discovered in 1965, by Gerry Neugebauer, D.M. Martz and Robert Leighton. The name 'NML' comes from the names of the three discoverers.

NML Cygni's distance from Earth is about 5,250 light-years. This star has dust surrounding it. It has a bean-shaped asymmetric nebula with water vapour. It is a semiregular variable star. This means its brightness changes over 940 days. Considering its distance and an upper limit on the star's angular size, its physical radius must be less than 1,350 times that of the Sun.

This star is a part of the Cygnus OB2 association, which is 1.74 ± 0.2 kpc away. This is one of the nearest massive star groups to the Sun. This group includes some of the most massive and brightest stars known, including the suspected luminous blue variable Cyg OB2 #12. NML Cygni has lots of oxygen. Molecules like H₂O, Silicon monoxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, carbon monosulfide, sulfur monoxide, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are also in the star.

NML Cygni has two dense outer layers of dust and molecules. The star is also losing mass by slowly throwing gas into space. The dust envelopes are formed by this process.

References

↑ Zhang, B.; Reid, M. J.; Menten, K. M.; Zheng, X. W.; Brunthaler, A. (2012). "The distance and size of the red hypergiant NML Cygni from VLBA and VLA astrometry". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 544 (A42): A42. arXiv:1207.1850. Bibcode:2012A&A...544A..42Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219587. S2CID 55509287.
1 2 Schuster M.T. (2007). Investigating the circumstellar environments of the cool hypergiants. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-549-32782-0.
1 2 3 Marvel, Kevin (1996). "NML Cygni". The circumstellar environment of evolved stars as revealed by studies of circumstellar water masers. Universal-Publishers. pp. 182–212. ISBN 978-1-58112-061-5. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
↑ Hearnshaw J.B. (1996). "New infrared sources and their interpretation". The measurement of starlight: two centuries of astronomical photometry. Cambridge University Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-521-40393-1. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
↑ Schuster M.T; Humphreys R.M. & Marengo M. 2006. The circumstellar environments of NML Cygni and the cool hypergiants. The Astronomical Journal 131, 603.
1 2 3 Schuster M.T. et al 2009. Imaging the cool hypergiant NML Cygni's dusty circumstellar envelope with adaptive optics. Astrophysical Journal 699 (2): 1423.
↑ Richichi, A.; Percheron, I.; Khristoforova, M. (2005-02-01). "CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 431 (2): 773–777. Bibcode:2005A&A...431..773R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042039. ISSN 0004-6361. Data about NML Cygni is found here at VizieR.
↑ Lang, Kenneth R. (2006). Astrophysical formulae. Astronomy and astrophysics library. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-29692-8.. The radius (R_*) is given by:
$\begin{matrix} 2 \cdot R_{*} & = \frac{(1 0^{- 3} \cdot 1, 610 \cdot 7.8) AU}{0.0046491 AU / R_{⨀}} \\ 2, 701 \cdot R_{⨀} \end{matrix}$
↑ "Combined array for research in millimeter-wave astronomy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2012.

[zhang-1] Zhang, B.; Reid, M. J.; Menten, K. M.; Zheng, X. W.; Brunthaler, A. (2012). "The distance and size of the red hypergiant NML Cygni from VLBA and VLA astrometry". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 544 (A42): A42. arXiv:1207.1850. Bibcode:2012A&A...544A..42Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219587. S2CID 55509287.

[Schuster2007-2] 1 2 Schuster M.T. (2007). Investigating the circumstellar environments of the cool hypergiants. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-549-32782-0.

[Marvel1996-3] 1 2 3 Marvel, Kevin (1996). "NML Cygni". The circumstellar environment of evolved stars as revealed by studies of circumstellar water masers. Universal-Publishers. pp. 182–212. ISBN 978-1-58112-061-5. Retrieved 23 August 2012.

[Hearnshaw1996-4] Hearnshaw J.B. (1996). "New infrared sources and their interpretation". The measurement of starlight: two centuries of astronomical photometry. Cambridge University Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-521-40393-1. Retrieved 23 August 2012.

[cool-5] Schuster M.T; Humphreys R.M. & Marengo M. 2006. The circumstellar environments of NML Cygni and the cool hypergiants. The Astronomical Journal 131, 603.

[imaging-6] 1 2 3 Schuster M.T. et al 2009. Imaging the cool hypergiant NML Cygni's dusty circumstellar envelope with adaptive optics. Astrophysical Journal 699 (2): 1423.

[CHARM2-7] Richichi, A.; Percheron, I.; Khristoforova, M. (2005-02-01). "CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 431 (2): 773–777. Bibcode:2005A&A...431..773R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042039. ISSN 0004-6361. Data about NML Cygni is found here at VizieR.

[lang2006-8] Lang, Kenneth R. (2006). Astrophysical formulae. Astronomy and astrophysics library. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-29692-8.. The radius (R_*) is given by:
$\begin{matrix} 2 \cdot R_{*} & = \frac{(1 0^{- 3} \cdot 1, 610 \cdot 7.8) AU}{0.0046491 AU / R_{⨀}} \\ 2, 701 \cdot R_{⨀} \end{matrix}$

[nrao.edu-9] "Combined array for research in millimeter-wave astronomy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2012.