Ottoman dynasty

House of Osman
Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire (1882–1922)
Country Ottoman Empire
Foundedc. 1299
FounderOsman I
Final ruler
Titles
TraditionsSunni Islam
Deposition
Cadet branchesOsmanoğlu family
Rukiye Sabiha Sultan’s wedding day in 1920, left to right: Fatma Ulviye Sultan, Ayşe Hatice Hayriye Dürrüşehvar Sultan, Emine Nazikeda Kadınefendi, Rukiye Sabiha Sultan, Mehmed Ertuğrul Efendi, Şehsuvar Hanımefendi.

The Ottoman dynasty (Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı) (or the Imperial House of Osman) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922. The dynasty began in northwestern Anatolia with the Oghuz Turkish chieftain Osman I, but it was not recognized until 1383 when his grandson Murat I officially declared himself sultan. The dynasty might have been known as the 'Beylik of Söğüt' before 1383, but it was later renamed Osmanlı (Ottoman in English) in honor of Osman I.

The sultan was the sole ruler of the empire. Actual power often shifted to officials, such as the Grand Vizier, an office that eventually became Prime Minister and head of Parliament.

Heads of the House of Osman

Pre-Imperial Heads of the House of Osman

Name Born-Died Reign start Reign end Relationship
Süleyman Shah (Bey)1168 - 122712121227Son of Kaya Alp
Ertugrul (Bey)1198 - 128112271281Son of Suleyman Shah

Imperial heads of the House of Osman (1281-1922)

Name Born-Died Reign start Reign end Relationship
Osman I (Bey)1258 – 132612811326Son of Ertugrul
Orhan I (Bey)1284 – 135913261359Son of Osman I
Murad I (the God-like One)1326 - 1389Bey from 1359, Sultan from 138328 June 1389Son of Orhan I
Bayezid I (the Thunderbolt)1354 - 140328 June 138920 July 1402Son of Murat I
Ottoman Interregnum14021413
Mehmed I (Celebi)1389 - 1421141326 May 1421Son of Bayezid I
Murad II (first reign)1404 - 145126 May 1421August 1444 (abdicated)Son of Mehmed I
Mehmed II (the Conqueror) (first reign)1432 - 1481August 14441446Son of Murad II
Murad II (second reign)1404 - 145114463 February 1451Son of Mehmed I
Mehmed II (the Conqueror) (second reign)1432 - 14813 February 14513 May 1481Son of Murad II
Bayezid II1447/1448 - 151220 May 148125 April 1512 (abdicated)Son of Mehmed II
Selim I (the Grim)1465 - 152025 April 1512 (Caliph from 1517)22 September 1520Son of Bayezid II
Suleyman I (the Magnificent)1494 - 156622 September 15206 September 1566Son of Selim I
Selim II1524 - 15746 September 156612 December 1574Son of Suleyman I
Murad III1546 - 159512 December 157415 January 1595Son of Selim II
Mehmed III1566 - 160315 January 159522 December 1603Son of Murad III
Ahmed I1590 - 161722 December 160322 November 1617Son of Mehmed III
Mustafa I (first reign)1592 - 163922 November 161726 February 1618 (deposed)Son of Mehmed III
Osman II1604 - 162226 February 161820 May 1622Son of Ahmed I
Mustafa I (second reign)1592 - 163920 May 162210 September 1623 (deposed)Son of Mehmed III
Murad IV1612 - 164010 September 16239 February 1640Son of Ahmed I
Ibrahim I (the Mad)1615 - 16489 February 16408 August 1648 (deposed)Son of Ahmed I
Mehmed IV1642 - 16938 August 16488 November 1687 (deposed)Son of Ibrahim I
Suleyman II1642 - 16918 November 168723 June 1691Son of Ibrahim I
Ahmed II1643 - 169523 June 16916 February 1695Son of Ibrahim I
Mustafa II1664 - 17036 February 169522 August 1703 (abdicated)Son of Mehmed IV
Ahmed III1673 - 173622 August 17031 October 1730 (abdicated)Son of Mehmed IV
Mahmud I1696 - 17542 October 173013 December 1754Son of Mustafa II
Osman III1699 - 175714 December 175430 October 1757Son of Mustafa II
Mustafa III1717 - 177430 October 175721 January 1774Son of Ahmed III
Abdul Hamid I1725 - 178921 January 17747 April 1789Son of Ahmed III
Selim III1761 - 18087 April 178929 May 1807 (deposed)Son of Mustafa III
Mustafa IV1779 - 180829 May 180728 July 1808 (deposed)Son of Abdul Hamid I
Mahmud II1785 - 183928 July 18081 July 1839Son of Abdul Hamid I
Abdulmecid I1823 - 18611 July 183925 June 1861Son of Mahmud II
Abdulaziz1830 - 187625 June 186130 May 1876 (deposed)Son of Mahmud II
Murad V1840 - 190430 May 187631 August 1876 (deposed)Son of Abdulmecid I
Abdul Hamid II1842 - 191831 August 187627 April 1909 (deposed)Son of Abdulmecid I
Mehmed V (Reşad)1844 - 191827 April 19093 July 1918Son of Abdulmecid I
Mehmed VI (Vahideddin)1861 - 19263 July 19181 November 1922 (deposed)Son of Abdulmecid I

Post-Imperial Heads of the House of Osman (1922-present)

Name Born-Died Reign start Reign end
Abdulmecid II1868 - 194419 November 192223 August 1944
Ahmed IV Nihad1883 - 195423 August 19444 June 1954
Osman IV Fuad1895 - 19734 June 195419 May 1973
Mehmed Abdulaziz II1901 - 197719 May 197319 January 1977
Ali Vâsib1903 - 198319 January 19779 December 1983
Mehmed VII Orhan1909 - 19949 December 198312 March 1994
Ertuğrul Osman V1912 - 200912 March 199423 September 2009
Bayezid Osman1924 - 201723 September 20096 January 2017
Dündar Ali Osman1930 - 20216 January 201718 January 2021
Harun Osman1932 -18 January 2021present

Expelled from the Imperial House

(a) HIH Princess Hamide Nermin Nezahat Sultana [1923 - 1998] by Adile Hanimsultan, a granddaughter of Abdülhamid II.

Excluded from the line of sucssession

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