Plutoid
A plutoid or ice dwarf is a dwarf planet that orbits the sun farther than Neptune. This concept was defined by the International Astronomical Union General Assembly on Prague under votes, but without choosing the terminology according to resolution 6A of this general assembly entitled Definition of Pluto-class objects. Its definition is:
Celestial bodies orbiting the Sun at a distance greater than that of Neptune, with sufficient mass for their own gravity to overcome rigid body forces such that they assume an almost spherical shape of hydrostatic equilibrium and that have not emptied their orbit of neighboring bodies.
Therefore, any object that meets the definition of dwarf planet and also belongs to the Trans-Neptunian objects will be considered a plutoid. Eight objects are now classified as plutoids: Pluto, Orcus, Haumea, Makemake, Quaoar, Sedna, Gonggong, and Eris.
The satellites of the plutoids are not plutoids, even though they are massive enough to be gravitationally rounded.
Ceres is not a plutoid hence it's in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and is the only dwarf planet that is not a plutoid.
Brightest objects
The plutinos brighter than HV=6 include:
| Object | a (AU) | q (AU) | i (°) | H | Diameter (km) | Albedo | V−R | Discovery year | Discoverer | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 134340 Pluto | 39.3 | 29.7 | 17.1 | −0.7 | 2376.6 | 0.49–0.66 | 1930 | Clyde Tombaugh | JPL | |
| 90482 Orcus | 39.2 | 30.3 | 20.6 | 2.31±0.03 | 917±25 | 0.28±0.06 | 0.37 | 2004 | M. Brown, C. Trujillo, D. Rabinowitz | JPL |
| 208996 Achlys | 39.4 | 32.3 | 13.6 | 3.760±0.058 | 772±12 | 0.097±0.009 | 0.38±0.04 | 2003 | M. Brown, C. Trujillo | JPL |
| 28978 Ixion | 39.7 | 30.1 | 19.6 | 3.845±0.006 | 696.78+10.75 −8.87 | 0.106±0.003 | 0.61 | 2001 | Deep Ecliptic Survey | JPL |
| (455502) 2003 UZ413 | 39.2 | 30.4 | 12.0 | 4.38±0.05 | ≈ 600 | ? | 0.46±0.06 | 2001 | M. Brown, C. Trujillo, D. Rabinowitz | JPL |
| (678191) 2017 OF69 | 39.5 | 31.3 | 13.6 | 4.6 | ≈ 380–680 | ? | ? | 2017 | D. J. Tholen, S. S. Sheppard, C. Trujillo | JPL |
| (84922) 2003 VS2 | 39.3 | 36.4 | 14.8 | 4.14±0.07 | 524±7 | 0.134±0.010 | 0.59±0.02 | 2003 | NEAT | JPL |
| (612533) 2002 XV93 | 39.3 | 34.5 | 13.3 | 4.73 | 470+44 −30 | 0.040+0.020 −0.015 | 0.37±0.02 | 2001 | M.W.Buie | JPL |
| (578993) 2014 JP80 | 39.5 | 36.7 | 19.4 | 4.9 | ≈ 240–670 | ? | ? | 2014 | Pan-STARRS | JPL |
| (84719) 2002 VR128 | 39.3 | 28.9 | 14.0 | 5.58±0.37 | 448.5+42.1 −43.2 | 0.052+0.027 −0.018 | 0.60±0.02 | 2002 | NEAT | JPL |
| (556068) 2014 JR80 | 39.5 | 36.0 | 15.4 | 4.9 | ≈ 240–670 | ? | ? | 2014 | Pan-STARRS | JPL |
| 38628 Huya | 39.4 | 28.5 | 15.5 | 5.04±0.03 | 414.7±0.9 | 0.079±0.004 | 0.57±0.09 | 2000 | Ignacio Ferrin | JPL |
| (469372) 2001 QF298 | 39.3 | 34.9 | 22.4 | 5.43±0.07 | 408.2+40.2 −44.9 | 0.071+0.020 −0.014 | 0.39±0.06 | 2001 | Marc W. Buie | JPL |
| 47171 Lempo | 39.3 | 30.6 | 8.4 | 5.41±0.10 | 393.1+25.2 −26.8 (combined diameter of triple system) | 0.079+0.013 −0.011 | 0.70±0.03 | 1999 | E. P. Rubenstein, L.-G. Strolger | JPL |
| (469987) 2006 HJ123 | 39.3 | 27.4 | 12.0 | 5.32±0.66 | 283.1+142.3 −110.8 | 0.136+0.308 −0.089 | 2006 | Marc W. Buie | JPL | |
| (307463) 2002 VU130 | 39.3 | 31.2 | 14.0 | 5.47±0.83 | 252.9+33.6 −31.3 | 0.179+0.202 −0.103 | 2002 | Marc W. Buie | JPL | |
| (55638) 2002 VE95 | 39.4 | 30.4 | 16.3 | 5.70±0.06 | 249.8+13.5 −13.1 | 0.149+0.019 −0.016 | 0.72±0.05 | 2002 | NEAT | JPL |
(link to all of the orbits of these objects listed above are here)