Second Roman Republic

The Roman Republic was a short-lived state declared on 9 February 1849, when the government of the Papal States was temporarily replaced by a republican government due to Pope Pius IX's departure to Gaeta. The republic was led by Carlo Armellini, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Aurelio Saffi.

Flag of Second Roman Republic

References

  1. ↑ Hughes, Stefan (2012). Catchers of the Light: The Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens. ArtDeCiel Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62050-961-6.
  2. ↑ Kertzer, David I. (2018). The Pope who Would be King: The Exile of Pius IX and the Emergence of Modern Europe. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-882749-8.