Sexism

The Taliban religious police beating a woman for removing her burqa in public.
A suffragette being arrested in London in 1914 for campaigning for women's right to vote in elections.
A Rock Against Sexism badge. RAS was a political and cultural movement that promoted women in music and challenged sexism in the rock music community, pop culture and in the world at large.

Sexism is generally defined as the bias, prejudice or discrimination against someone on the basis of gender, i.e. looking down on a person for being male or female.

Overview

Sexism may also include stereotyped roles by gender. International laws, such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women or Yogyakarta Principles, demand the end of every form of sexism. Sexism can affect a person attending a party, getting a job, joining a game, trying to get a promotion, being selected and so on. Sexism is often discrimination against women due to the history of sexism in the Western world.[source?]

Origin

The word sexism was created by Pauline M. Leet on November 18, 1965.[source?]

Misogyny

Misogyny refers to the bias, prejudice or discrimination against women.[source?]

Misandry

Misandry refers to the bias, prejudice or discrimination against men. Misandry's existence is denied by a significant proportion of feminists. Feminists tend to see men as "inherently responsible" for the patriarchy, leading many to form the impression that men's suffering has not been given equal attention, while men in Western world are three to four times more likely to die by suicide.

Kalighat Painting, "Woman Striking Man With Broom," Calcutta, India, 1875.

Gendered racism

Gendered racism is a form of oppression that happens due to stereotypes related to race and gender. While many engage in racism to divide others into "superior" and "inferior" to treat them differently, sexism is the prejudice or discrimination based on sex, e.g. bias against women. As a hybrid, gendered racism is related to racial understandings of masculinity and femininity, e.g. bias against women of a certain ethnic group based on their customs. The word was coined by Dutch-Surinamese sociologist Philomena Essed (1955 ‒ ) to refer to women facing racism and sexism at the same time. Essed said,

Racism and sexism intertwine and combine under certain conditions into one hybrid phenomenon.

Those subject to gendered racism often find it hard to know whether others are biased against them because of their race or gender, or both. Nevertheless, both the race and gender of a person is said to intersect to form his or her identity, whose lived experience is suggested to be analyzed based on both their race and gender.

Civil rights movements

The women's rights and men's rights movements both claim to be fighting sexism.

Education

World literacy is lower for women than for men. On October 9, 2012, the Pakistani schoolgirl Malala Yousafzai was shot in the head on her schoolbus by Taliban gunmen because she did activism for girls' rights to education.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4
    • Nathanson, Paul; Young, Katherine K. (2006). Legalizing Misandry: From Public Shame to Systemic Discrimination against Men. McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0-7735-2862-8. JSTOR j.ctt80hj2. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
    • "Hating men does nothing for women's liberation". Spiked. September 22, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
    • Wakefield, Mary (November 13, 2021). "The dangerous pleasure of hating men". The Spectator. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
    • Silver, Rebecca (2023). "Misogyny, misandry, sexism and bias in the dental profession and workplace - does it exist?". BDJ Team. 10: 8–11. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
    • Barry, John (December 19, 2024). "Misandry, identity politics, and DEI: An interview with Dr Paul Nathanson". The Centre for Male Psychology. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
  2. ↑ "Debunking the Myth of the Man-Hating Feminist". Psychology Today. March 8, 2024. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
  3. ↑ Värnik, Peeter (March 2, 2012). "Suicide in the World". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 9 (3): 760–771. Bibcode:2012IJERP...9..760V. doi:10.3390/ijerph9030760. PMC 3367275. PMID 22690161.
  4. ↑ French: Peinture de style kalighat, "Femme battant un homme avec un balai," Calcutta, Inde, 1875.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5
    • Anderson, M.L., & Collins, P.H. (2004). Race, class, and gender: An anthology (5th ed.) Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thompson
    • Erving, C.L., Williams, T.R., Frierson, W., & Derisse, M. (2022). Gendered racial microaggressions, psychosocial resources, and depressive symptoms among Black women attending a historically Black university. Society and Mental Health, 12(3), 230–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/21568693221115766
    • Essed, P. (1991). Understanding everyday racism: An interdisciplinary theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • Lewis, J., Mendenhall, R., Harwood, S., & Browne Huntt, M. (2013). Coping with Gendered Racial Microaggressions among Black Women College Students. Journal of African American Studies, 17(1), 51–73. doi:10.1007/s12111-012-9219-0
    • Thomas, A. J., Witherspoon, K. M., & Speight, S. L. (2008). Gendered racism, psychological distress, and coping styles of African American women. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14(4), 307.
    • Wingfield, A. H. (2007). The modern mammy and the angry black man: African American professionals' experiences with gendered racism in the workplace. Race, Gender & Class, 196–212.
  6. ↑ Mishal Husain (7 October 2013). "Malala: The girl who was shot for going to school". BBC News Magazine. Retrieved 9 March 2014.