Thortveitite

Thortveitite is a mineral that contains scandium and yttrium. It is very rare, but still the most common scandium mineral.

Thortveitite was the main source of scandium in the United States in the mid-20th century, but production ended in 1969. As of 2025, scandium is mostly produced from tailings from other minerals, not from its ores.

Sources

↑ "Scandium". Mindat.org. Retrieved 2025-05-30.
↑ Shelby Johnston. "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025: Scandium" (PDF). National Minerals Information Center. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 2025-05-29.
↑ Wang, Weiwei; Pranolo, Yoko; Cheng, Chu Yong (2011). "Metallurgical processes for scandium recovery from various resources: A review". Hydrometallurgy. 108 (1–2): 100–108. Bibcode:2011HydMe.108..100W. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.03.001.

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[1] "Scandium". Mindat.org. Retrieved 2025-05-30.

[2] Shelby Johnston. "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025: Scandium" (PDF). National Minerals Information Center. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 2025-05-29.

[3] Wang, Weiwei; Pranolo, Yoko; Cheng, Chu Yong (2011). "Metallurgical processes for scandium recovery from various resources: A review". Hydrometallurgy. 108 (1–2): 100–108. Bibcode:2011HydMe.108..100W. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.03.001.