Vector (biology)

A vector in biology is an intermediary organism that faciliates transmission of a smaller living species from one host to another. The vector gets no benefit due to the transport being passive and sometimes loses fitness by the arrangement.

The term is most used for the transport of parasites and pathogens-- causative agents of infection or disease. Familiar examples of vectors include, mosquitoes acting as vectors that carry deadly diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever. Ticks are a popular example that vector Lyme disease.

The study of vectors gives us knowledge about the life cycle of parasitic diseases. Valuable insight on disease control strategies can be gained by studying the vector bheavior, habitat, and interactions with pathogens. With this knowledge, we can target specific points within the transmission cycle leading to vector control programs.

Examples

Mechanisms of Transmission

In order for parasites and pathogens to be transferred by vectors, it is important to understand the mechanims of transmission. These mechanisms can dictate how and when the pathogen is transferred to a new host. These mechanisms fall into two main categories: biological and mechanical.

Control Strategies

Great harm comes from vectors transmitting pathogens and parasites to hosts. Combatting effective strategies that can target these disease transmissions consist of:

• Insecticides: chemical agents used to kill adult vectors
• Larvicides: target the early larvae stages of vectors
• Habitat Modification: Alter environment to eliminate or reduce vector breeding grounds such as filling in breeding sites
• Bed nets: Bed nets are physical barriers that are effective in preventing bites from vectors
• Protective clothing: Wear proper clothing when in habitats that are prone to nesting vectors such as ticks and mosquitoes

References