Rodopsin

Rodopsin, G proteini kenetli reseptörler (GPCR) ailesinden yedi-geçişli bir hücre zarı proteinidir. Omurgalı retinasındaki çubuk fotoreseptör hücrelerinde ışık sensörü görevi görür. Işığa duyarlı bir prostetik grup olan retinol molekülünü içerir.

Tarihçe

Rodopsin 1876'da Franz Christian Boll tarafından keşfedildi. Rodopsin adı, pembemsi rengine atfen Grekçe "gül" anlamındaki ῥόδον (rhódon) ile "görme" anlamındaki ὄψις (ópsis) sözcüklerinden türetilmiştir. Terim, 1878 yılında Alman fizyolog Wilhelm Friedrich Kühne tarafından ortaya atılmıştır.

George Wald, rodopsinin retinal ile bir apoproteinden oluşan bir holoprotein olduğunu keşfettiğinde, bu apoproteini opsin olarak adlandırdı; günümüzde bu yapı daha dar anlamda apo-rodopsin olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Günümüzde ise opsin terimi, retinale bağlanarak ışığa duyarlı fotoreseptörler hâline gelen ve bu nedenle ışığı algılayabilen, G proteini kenetli reseptörler sınıfındaki proteinlerin tamamını kapsayan daha geniş bir anlamda kullanılmaktadır.

Kaynakça

↑ Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th. Garland Science. ISBN 978-0-8153-3218-3. 27 Eylül 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 9 Haziran 2026.
↑ Avar, Göksu. "Bilim Terimleri Sözlüğü: Rodopsin". Evrim Ağacı. Erişim tarihi: 9 Haziran 2026.
↑ Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences. Academic Press. 29 Nisan 2014. ss. 441-. ISBN 978-0-12-385158-1.
↑ Giese AC (24 Eylül 2013). Photophysiology: General Principles; Action of Light on Plants. Elsevier. s. 9. ISBN 978-1-4832-6227-7. Erişim tarihi: 23 Eylül 2015.
↑ Boll F (1877). "Zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Retina" [On the anatomy and physiology of the retina]. Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, Physiologische Abtheilung (Almanca): 4-35.
↑ "Rhodopsin: History and Etymology for rhodopsin". Merriam-Webster on-line dictionary. 8 Aralık 2025. 11 Ağustos 2025 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 9 Haziran 2026.
↑
See:
- Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary: Rhodopsin: History and Etymology for rhodopsin
- Ewald A, Kühne W (1878). "Untersuchungen über den Sehpurpur" [Investigations into rhodopsin]. Untersuchungen aus dem Physiologischen Institute der Universität Heidelberg (Almanca). 1: 139-218. 14 Eylül 2025 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi9 Haziran 2026. From p. 181: "Was den Sehpurpur im Dunkel ändert, pflegt es z. Th. [= zum Theil] in derselben Weise zu thun, wie das Licht, d.h. erst eine gelbe Materie, dann farblose Substanz hervorzubringen. Der Kürze wegen und um dem Auslande unsere Bezeichnungen zugänglich zu machen, kann man sagen, Rhodopsin werde erst in Xanthopsin, dieses in Leukopsin zersetzt." (That which alters visual purple in the dark usually acts to some extent in the same way as light, that is, first producing a yellow material, then a colorless substance. For the sake of brevity, and in order to make our designations more accessible to foreigners, we can say that rhodopsin is first degraded into xanthopsin [- visual yellow], and [then] this is degraded into leucopsin [- visual white].)
↑ Wade NJ (November 2008). "Visual purple (sehpurpur)". Perception. 37 (11): 1617-1620. doi:10.1068/p3711ed . PMID 19189727.
↑ Wald G (December 1951). "The photochemical basis of rod vision". Journal of the Optical Society of America. 41 (12): 949-956. Bibcode:1951JOSA...41..949W. doi:10.1364/josa.41.000949. PMID 14908734.
↑ Terakita A (2005). "The opsins". Genome Biology. 6 (3): 213. doi:10.1186/gb-2005-6-3-213 . PMC 1088937 . PMID 15774036.
↑ Gühmann M, Porter ML, Bok MJ (August 2022). "The Gluopsins: Opsins without the Retinal Binding Lysine". Cells. 11 (15): 2441. doi:10.3390/cells11152441 . PMC 9368030 . PMID 35954284. Material was copied and adapted from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
↑ Hofmann KP, Lamb TD (March 2023). "Rhodopsin, light-sensor of vision". Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 93: 101116. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101116 . PMID 36273969.

[1] Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th. Garland Science. ISBN 978-0-8153-3218-3. 27 Eylül 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 9 Haziran 2026.

[2] Avar, Göksu. "Bilim Terimleri Sözlüğü: Rodopsin". Evrim Ağacı. Erişim tarihi: 9 Haziran 2026.

[3] Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences. Academic Press. 29 Nisan 2014. ss. 441-. ISBN 978-0-12-385158-1.

[Giese2013-4] Giese AC (24 Eylül 2013). Photophysiology: General Principles; Action of Light on Plants. Elsevier. s. 9. ISBN 978-1-4832-6227-7. Erişim tarihi: 23 Eylül 2015.

[5] Boll F (1877). "Zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Retina" [On the anatomy and physiology of the retina]. Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, Physiologische Abtheilung (Almanca): 4-35.

[6] "Rhodopsin: History and Etymology for rhodopsin". Merriam-Webster on-line dictionary. 8 Aralık 2025. 11 Ağustos 2025 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 9 Haziran 2026.

[7] See:
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary: Rhodopsin: History and Etymology for rhodopsin

Ewald A, Kühne W (1878). "Untersuchungen über den Sehpurpur" [Investigations into rhodopsin]. Untersuchungen aus dem Physiologischen Institute der Universität Heidelberg (Almanca). 1: 139-218. 14 Eylül 2025 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi9 Haziran 2026. From p. 181: "Was den Sehpurpur im Dunkel ändert, pflegt es z. Th. [= zum Theil] in derselben Weise zu thun, wie das Licht, d.h. erst eine gelbe Materie, dann farblose Substanz hervorzubringen. Der Kürze wegen und um dem Auslande unsere Bezeichnungen zugänglich zu machen, kann man sagen, Rhodopsin werde erst in Xanthopsin, dieses in Leukopsin zersetzt." (That which alters visual purple in the dark usually acts to some extent in the same way as light, that is, first producing a yellow material, then a colorless substance. For the sake of brevity, and in order to make our designations more accessible to foreigners, we can say that rhodopsin is first degraded into xanthopsin [- visual yellow], and [then] this is degraded into leucopsin [- visual white].)

[mwpw] Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary: Rhodopsin: History and Etymology for rhodopsin

[mwqg] Ewald A, Kühne W (1878). "Untersuchungen über den Sehpurpur" [Investigations into rhodopsin]. Untersuchungen aus dem Physiologischen Institute der Universität Heidelberg (Almanca). 1: 139-218. 14 Eylül 2025 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi9 Haziran 2026. From p. 181: "Was den Sehpurpur im Dunkel ändert, pflegt es z. Th. [= zum Theil] in derselben Weise zu thun, wie das Licht, d.h. erst eine gelbe Materie, dann farblose Substanz hervorzubringen. Der Kürze wegen und um dem Auslande unsere Bezeichnungen zugänglich zu machen, kann man sagen, Rhodopsin werde erst in Xanthopsin, dieses in Leukopsin zersetzt." (That which alters visual purple in the dark usually acts to some extent in the same way as light, that is, first producing a yellow material, then a colorless substance. For the sake of brevity, and in order to make our designations more accessible to foreigners, we can say that rhodopsin is first degraded into xanthopsin [- visual yellow], and [then] this is degraded into leucopsin [- visual white].)

[8] Wade NJ (November 2008). "Visual purple (sehpurpur)". Perception. 37 (11): 1617-1620. doi:10.1068/p3711ed . PMID 19189727.

[9] Wald G (December 1951). "The photochemical basis of rod vision". Journal of the Optical Society of America. 41 (12): 949-956. Bibcode:1951JOSA...41..949W. doi:10.1364/josa.41.000949. PMID 14908734.

[Terakita2005-10] Terakita A (2005). "The opsins". Genome Biology. 6 (3): 213. doi:10.1186/gb-2005-6-3-213 . PMC 1088937 . PMID 15774036.

[Guehmann2022-11] Gühmann M, Porter ML, Bok MJ (August 2022). "The Gluopsins: Opsins without the Retinal Binding Lysine". Cells. 11 (15): 2441. doi:10.3390/cells11152441 . PMC 9368030 . PMID 35954284. Material was copied and adapted from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[Hofmann2022-12] Hofmann KP, Lamb TD (March 2023). "Rhodopsin, light-sensor of vision". Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 93: 101116. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101116 . PMID 36273969.