Tunguz dilleri

Mançu-Tunguz dilleri
Tunguzca
Coğrafi dağılımÇin(Mançurya), Rusya(Sibirya)
SınıflandırmaKendi başına bağımsız bir dil ailesi
Alt bölümlerKuzey kolu
  • Güney kolu
ISO 639-5tuw
[[Dosya:Linguistic map of the Tungusic languages.png
Tunguz dilleri haritası
|300px]]

Tungus ailesindeki dillerin güncel coğrafi dağılımı.

Tunguzca veya Tunguz dilleri, ("Mançu-Tunguz Dilleri" olarak da bilinir) Sibirya, Moğolistan ve Mançurya'da konuşulan bir dil grubu. Bu dil grubuna ait dillerin günümüzde sadece 75,000 konuşanı bulunmaktadır ve ölü bir dil olma tehlikesi ile karşı karşıyadır.

Sınıflandırma

Tunguzca, Türki diller ve Moğol dilleri eskiden Altay dilleri dil ailesinde sınıflandırılmış olmakla birlikte, sondan eklemelilik, cümlede özne-nesne-yüklem sıralaması ve dillerin dilbilgisel olarak cinsiyetsiz olması gibi tipolojik benzerliklerin bu üç dilin aynı atadan gelmelerinden değil, yoğun ödünçlemeler ve uzun temaslar sonucu oluştuğu dilbilimciler tarafından günümüzde kabul edilen genel görüş olmuştur.

Tunguzca kendi içinde "Kuzey Tunguz Dilleri" ve "Güney Tunguz Dilleri" olarak 2 gruba ayrılır:

Kuzey Tunguz Dilleri

Güney Tunguz Dilleri

Tunguzca Karşılaştırmalar

Anlam Proto-
Tungus.		 Evenki Even Negidal Yazılı Mançuca Konuşma Mançuca (Sanjiazi) Konuşma Mançuca (Heihe) Yazılı Sibece Konuşma Sibece Curçen Ulcha Orok Nanai Oroch Udihe Korece
Anne; kadın*enienineninenineniye (anne),
hehe (kadın)		ɯ:niɯ (anne)əniə (anne),

xəxə (kadın)

 eme, eniye. aja (anne),

hehe baningge (kadın)

 ɯni (anne),

xɯx(kadın)

 xəxə (𙄈) (kadın)en-əni(n-) ~ ənnə ənin ~ əniəenieninanae(eş, karı)
ômôni(anne)
ajumôni(hala)
ezi > ôi (anne)
Abla*eke(n)ekinekinexeeyun (abla)ɡɯ:ɡɯ (abla)eyun, gege (abla)ɡɯɣɯ (abla)əju-un(𘻢𘻈) (abla)eqteə:ktəəktəniekiexiônni (aynı cinsiyetteki büyük kardeş)
Ağabey*akaakaaqaagaahūn (ağabey), haha (erkek)ɑʁɑn (ağabey),

ꭓɑʁ ~ ꭓɑ:ʁɑ (erkek)

 age, ahūn (ağabey), haha baningge (erkek)aɡɯ, aʁun (ağabey),

χaχ (erkek)

 axu(n) (𘹨) (ağabey)
xaxa (𘺗) (erkek)		aGaaka ~ axaagaakaaga'orabi (bayanların kendinden büyük erkek kardeşi)
Gelin*benerbenerbenirbene......bener.?benebenemyônûri
Göğüs; kalp*(k)ukunukunökinöxönhuhun (göğüs, meme)huhun, huhun delenxuɣunxuxun (𘿆)kukunkɵ:ku:nokon.kogaeŋi(çekirdek)
Burun*xoŋaoŋoktooŋıtoŋoktooforoɔvur ~ ɔvu:ru ~ ɔvurɔ ~ ɔvulɔ ovurooforoɔfɔr?xoŋqoxuriga ~ xure:oporoxoŋko.k'o
Şerit, kıvırmak*sire(kte)sirektesirensijensiren?sirekteumul (şerit)omolsijektesiektesil (ip, iplik)
Göz*(n)iasaesaäsilesayasajɑ:zyasajasja-ʃï (𘽀𘼚)isalisalnasalisajehä (?)nun
El, pençe*manamanamanamana.....mana.?manakamaneman-jida (tutmak)
Su*mu(ke)mumomumukemuko:mugəmukemukumuwə (𘺐)mumu: ~ mɵ:muəmumumul
Taş*kada(r)kadarqadarkadahada (kayalık, yalçın)
wehe (taş)		vɯ:ɤɯ (taş)wehe (taş)vɯɣəwə-xə (𙀅𘾤)qadaliǰolodʒolokadakadadol (taş)
pahoy > pawi (kaya, taş, kayalık)
Buz*djukedjukedjökdjuxejuhedʐu:ɤ ~ dʐu:ɤudʑuɤujuheɖʐuɣɔdʒu-xə (𙅜𘾤)djueduwədʒukədjukejudgech'aga-p-da(cold)
jyohŏy > jongi (kâğıt)
3*ilanilanilanelan ~ ilanilanilɑ:nilɑnilanjilanilan (𙄩)ilanila:ila(:)nilanilanse
4*dügindi?idɨgəndiɤinduindy:nduinduindujinduin (𘺹)duinǰi:nduindidine
5*tu?atu?atunŋanton'ŋa ~ tuŋn'asunjasundʐɑ:sundʐɑsunjasunɖʐaʃundʒa (𙄫)tunjatundatoingatu?atu?ata-sut
7*nadannadannadannadannadanna:dɯnnɑdənnadannadɯnnadan (𘸼)nadannadanada(:)nnadannadan(n)irgup

Kaynakça

  1. ↑ Lindsay J. Whaley, Lenore A. Grenoble and Fengxiang Li (Haziran 1999). "Revisiting Tungusic Classification from the Bottom up: A Comparison of Evenki and Oroqen". Language. 75 (2). ss. 286-321. JSTOR 417262.
  2. ↑ "While 'Altaic' is repeated in encyclopedias and handbooks most specialists in these languages no longer believe that the three traditional supposed Altaic groups, Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic, are related." Lyle Campbell & Mauricio J. Mixco, A Glossary of Historical Linguistics (2007, University of Utah Press), pg. 7.
  3. ↑ "When cognates proved not to be valid, Altaic was abandoned, and the received view now is that Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic are unrelated." Johanna Nichols, Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time (1992, Chicago), pg. 4.
  4. ↑ "Careful examination indicates that the established families, Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic, form a linguistic area (called Altaic)...Sufficient criteria have not been given that would justify talking of a genetic relationship here." R.M.W. Dixon, The Rise and Fall of Languages (1997, Cambridge), pg. 32.
  5. ↑ "...[T]his selection of features does not provide good evidence for common descent" and "we can observe convergence rather than divergence between Turkic and Mongolic languages--a pattern than is easily explainable by borrowing and diffusion rather than common descent", Asya Pereltsvaig, Languages of the World, An Introduction (2012, Cambridge) has a good discussion of the Altaic hypothesis (pp. 211-216).
  6. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝ", "母", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 10. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 18 (right).
  7. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "eniye", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 516.
  8. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "eniye", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 681.
  9. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᡥᡝᡥᡝ", "女人", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 10. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 16 (left).
  10. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "hehe", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 1001.
  11. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "hehe", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 396.
  12. ↑ 恩和巴图 [Merden Enhebatu]. "ɯ:niɯ", 满语口语研究 [A Study of the Spoken Manchu Language]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. 1995: 223.
  13. ↑ 王娣 [Wang Di]. "eniye / əniə / 母亲", 黑河地区满语元音实验研究 [Heihe Diqu Manyu Yuanyin Shiyan Yanjiu]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University Press. 2021: 251.
  14. ↑ 王娣 [Wang Di]. "hehe / xəxə / 女人", 黑河地区满语元音实验研究 [Heihe Diqu Manyu Yuanyin Shiyan Yanjiu]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University Press. 2021: 264.
  15. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "母亲", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 1256.
  16. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "女性", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 1305.
  17. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  18. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  19. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𙄈"(xəxə), 女真文辞典 [Dictionary of Jurchen scripts]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 259 (259.05).
  20. ↑ 池上二良 [Jirō Ikegami]. "ənnə", ウイルタ語辞典 [A Dictionary of the Uilta Language Spoken of Sakhalin], Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 1997: 59. ISBN 4-8329-5821-6.
  21. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "эни(н-)", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 184. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  22. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "эннэ ~ энэ ~ эникэ", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 184. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  23. ↑ Дзиро Икэгами [Jirō Ikegami], Е.А.Бибикова [E.A. Bibikova], Л.Р.Китазима [L.R. Kitajima] et al. "эннэ, энэкэ", Уилтадаирису, Говорим по-уйльтински [Uiltadairisu, Let's Speak Uilta], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2008: 107. ISBN 978-5-88453-211-3.
  24. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "энин", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 531.
  25. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "эниэ", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 531.
  26. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᡝᠶᡠᠨ", "姐姐", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 10. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 26 (left), 26 (right).
  27. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "eyun", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 113.
  28. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "eyun", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 245.
  29. ↑ 恩和巴图 [Merden Enhebatu]. "ɡɯ:ɡɯ", 满语口语研究 [A Study of the Spoken Manchu Language]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. 1995: 248.
  30. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "姐姐", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 900.
  31. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  32. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𘻢"(əju), 女真文辞典 [Dictionary of Jurchen scripts]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 72 (072.04).
  33. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𘻈"(un), 女真文辞典 [Dictionary of Jurchen scripts]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 62 (062.01).
  34. ↑ 池上二良 [Jirō Ikegami]. "əəktə", ウイルタ語辞典 [A Dictionary of the Uilta Language Spoken of Sakhalin], Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 1997: 55. ISBN 4-8329-5821-6.
  35. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "эктэ", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 183. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  36. ↑ Дзиро Икэгами [Jirō Ikegami], Е.А.Бибикова [E.A. Bibikova], Л.Р.Китазима [L.R. Kitajima] et al. "э̄ктэ, э̄ктэнне̄", Уилтадаирису, Говорим по-уйльтински [Uiltadairisu, Let's Speak Uilta], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2008: 106. ISBN 978-5-88453-211-3.
  37. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "эктэни", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 525.
  38. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᠠᡥᡡᠨ", "兄", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperiallyxi-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 10. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 20 (right).
  39. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "ahūn", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 22.
  40. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᡥᠠᡥᠠ", "男人", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 10. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 16 (left).
  41. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "haha", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 331.
  42. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "haha", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 379.
  43. ↑ 恩和巴图 [Merden Enhebatu]. "ɑʁɑn", 满语口语研究 [A Study of the Spoken Manchu Language]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. 1995: 146.
  44. ↑ 恩和巴图 [Merden Enhebatu]. "ꭓɑʁ / ꭓɑ:ʁɑ ꭓá:ʁɑ", 满语口语研究 [A Study of the Spoken Manchu Language]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. 1995: 375.
  45. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "哥哥", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 594.
  46. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "男性", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 1269.
  47. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  48. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  49. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  50. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𘺗"(xaxa), 女真文辞典 [Dictionary of Jurchen scripts]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 47 (047.05).
  51. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𘺗"(xaxa), 女真文辞典 [Dictionary of Jurchen scripts]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 47 (047.05).
  52. ↑ 池上二良 [Jirō Ikegami]. "axa", ウイルタ語辞典 [A Dictionary of the Uilta Language Spoken of Sakhalin], Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 1997: 13. ISBN 4-8329-5821-6.
  53. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "аӷа ~ аӷӷа ~ ақа ~ аққа", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 13. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  54. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "ага Ⅰ", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 25.
  55. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᡥᡠᡥᡠᠨ", "奶頭", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 10. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 49 (left).
  56. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "huhun", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 1014.
  57. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "huhun", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 423.
  58. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "乳房", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 1504.
  59. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  60. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𘿆"(xuxun), 女真文辞典 [Dictionary of Jurchen scripts]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 151 (151.02).
  61. ↑ 池上二良 [Jirō Ikegami]. "kɵɵ", ウイルタ語辞典 [A Dictionary of the Uilta Language Spoken of Sakhalin], Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 1997: 106. ISBN 4-8329-5821-6.
  62. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "қо̄(н-), қӯ(н-)", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 64. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  63. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "кӯн", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 233.
  64. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᠣᡶᠣᡵᠣ", "鼻", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 10. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 43 (right).
  65. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "oforo", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 181.
  66. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "oforo", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 597.
  67. ↑ 恩和巴图 [Merden Enhebatu]. "ɔvur / ɔvu:ru, ɔvulɔ ɔvurɔ", 满语口语研究 [A Study of the Spoken Manchu Language]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. 1995: 307.
  68. ↑ 王娣 [Wang Di]. "oforo / ovuro / 鼻子", 黑河地区满语元音实验研究 [Heihe Diqu Manyu Yuanyin Shiyan Yanjiu]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University Press. 2021: 259.
  69. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "鼻子", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 89.
  70. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  71. ↑ 池上二良 [Jirō Ikegami]. "xuriga", ウイルタ語辞典 [A Dictionary of the Uilta Language Spoken of Sakhalin], Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 1997: 247. ISBN 4-8329-5821-6.
  72. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "ҳу́ра(н-) ~ ҳу́раға(н-) ~ ҳу́ри́ға(н-)", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 80. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  73. ↑ Дзиро Икэгами [Jirō Ikegami], Е.А.Бибикова [E.A. Bibikova], Л.Р.Китазима [L.R. Kitajima] et al. "хуре̄ (ю), хурига (ю, с), хура̄ (с), хурја̄(с), хуре̄ни (ю), хуригани(ю, с), хура̄ни (с)", Уилтадаирису, Говорим по-уйльтински [Uiltadairisu, Let's Speak Uilta], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2008: 106. ISBN 978-5-88453-211-3.
  74. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "опоро", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 313.
  75. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "siren", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 514.
  76. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "siren", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 680.
  77. ↑ 池上二良 [Jirō Ikegami]. "umul", ウイルタ語辞典 [A Dictionary of the Uilta Language Spoken of Sakhalin], Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 1997: 220. ISBN 4-8329-5821-6.
  78. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "у́му́л", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 175. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  79. ↑ Дзиро Икэгами [Jirō Ikegami], Е.А.Бибикова [E.A. Bibikova], Л.Р.Китазима [L.R. Kitajima] et al. "умул", Уилтадаирису, Говорим по-уйльтински [Uiltadairisu, Let's Speak Uilta], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2008: 104. ISBN 978-5-88453-211-3.
  80. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "омол", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 310.
  81. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᠶᠠᠰᠠ", "眼", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 10. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 42 (left).
  82. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "yasa", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 895.
  83. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "yasa", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 828.
  84. ↑ 恩和巴图 [Merden Enhebatu]. "jɑ:z", 满语口语研究 [A Study of the Spoken Manchu Language]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. 1995: 266.
  85. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "眼睛", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 2025.
  86. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  87. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𘽀"(ja), 女真文辞典 [Dictionary of Jurchen scripts]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 105 (105.05).
  88. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𘼚"(ʃï), 女真文辞典 [Dictionary of Jurchen scripts]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 93 (093.03).
  89. ↑ 池上二良 [Jirō Ikegami]. "isal", ウイルタ語辞典 [A Dictionary of the Uilta Language Spoken of Sakhalin], Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 1997: 81. ISBN 4-8329-5821-6.
  90. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "и́са ~ и́сал ~ и́сала", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 100. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  91. ↑ Дзиро Икэгами [Jirō Ikegami], Е.А.Бибикова [E.A. Bibikova], Л.Р.Китазима [L.R. Kitajima] et al. "исал", Уилтадаирису, Говорим по-уйльтински [Uiltadairisu, Let's Speak Uilta], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2008: 95. ISBN 978-5-88453-211-3.
  92. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "насал", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 284.
  93. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᠮᡠᡴᡝ", "水", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 2. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 50 (left).
  94. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "muke", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 785.
  95. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "muke", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 551.
  96. ↑ 恩和巴图 [Merden Enhebatu]. "muko:", 满语口语研究 [A Study of the Spoken Manchu Language]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. 1995: 292.
  97. ↑ 王娣 [Wang Di]. "muke / mugə / 水", 黑河地区满语元音实验研究 [Heihe Diqu Manyu Yuanyin Shiyan Yanjiu]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University Press. 2021: 257.
  98. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "水①", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 1654.
  99. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  100. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𘺐"(muwə), 女真文辞典 [Dictionary of Jurchen scripts]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 45 (045.02).
  101. ↑ 池上二良 [Jirō Ikegami]. "mɵɵ", ウイルタ語辞典 [A Dictionary of the Uilta Language Spoken of Sakhalin], Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 1997: 126. ISBN 4-8329-5821-6.
  102. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "мӯ", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 95. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  103. ↑ Дзиро Икэгами [Jirō Ikegami], Е.А.Бибикова [E.A. Bibikova], Л.Р.Китазима [L.R. Kitajima] et al. "мӯ (с), мө (ю)", Уилтадаирису, Говорим по-уйльтински [Uiltadairisu, Let's Speak Uilta], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2008: 97. ISBN 978-5-88453-211-3.
  104. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "муэ", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 274.
  105. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᡥᠠᡩᠠ", "峯", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 2. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 44 (left).
  106. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "hada", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 335.
  107. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᠸᡝᡥᡝ", "石", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 2. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 47 (right).
  108. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "wehe", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 1094.
  109. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "wehe", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 808.
  110. ↑ 恩和巴图 [Merden Enhebatu]. "vɯ:ɤɯ (1)", 满语口语研究 [A Study of the Spoken Manchu Language]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. 1995: 370.
  111. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "石头", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 1594.
  112. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  113. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𙀅"(wə), 女真文辞典 [Dictionary of Jurchen scripts]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 174 (174.04).
  114. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𘾤"(xə), 女真文辞典 [Dictionary of Jurchen scripts]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 139 (139.05).
  115. ↑ 池上二良 [Jirō Ikegami]. "ǰolo", ウイルタ語辞典 [A Dictionary of the Uilta Language Spoken of Sakhalin], Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 1997: 91. ISBN 4-8329-5821-6.
  116. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "ӡ̌оло", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 51. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  117. ↑ Дзиро Икэгами [Jirō Ikegami], Е.А.Бибикова [E.A. Bibikova], Л.Р.Китазима [L.R. Kitajima] et al. "ӡоло", Уилтадаирису, Говорим по-уйльтински [Uiltadairisu, Let's Speak Uilta], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2008: 94. ISBN 978-5-88453-211-3.
  118. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "дёло", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 148.
  119. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᠵᡠᡥᡝ", "氷", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 2. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 28 (left).
  120. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "juhe", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 881.
  121. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "zhuhe", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 881.
  122. ↑ 恩和巴图 [Merden Enhebatu]. "dʐu:ɤ (1) 同 dʐu:ɤu", 满语口语研究 [A Study of the Spoken Manchu Language]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. 1995: 207.
  123. ↑ 王娣 [Wang Di]. "juhe / dʑuɤu / 冰", 黑河地区满语元音实验研究 [Heihe Diqu Manyu Yuanyin Shiyan Yanjiu]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University Press. 2021: 256.
  124. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "冰①", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 123.
  125. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  126. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𙅜"(dʒu), 女真文辞典 [Dictionary of Jurchen scripts]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 286 (286.03).
  127. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𘾤"(xə), 女真文辞典 [Dictionary of Jurchen scripts]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 139 (139.05).
  128. ↑ 池上二良 [Jirō Ikegami]. "duwə", ウイルタ語辞典 [A Dictionary of the Uilta Language Spoken of Sakhalin], Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 1997: 52. ISBN 4-8329-5821-6.
  129. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "дувэ2", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 44. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  130. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "дюкэ", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 173.
  131. ↑ В. А. Роббек [V.A. Robbek], М. Е. Роббек [M.E. Robbek]. "ИЛАН", Эвенско-русский словарь [Even-Russian Dictionary]. Novosibirsk: «НАУКА». 2005: 118-119.
  132. ↑ В. И. Цинциус [V.I. Tsintsius]. "елан ~ илан Н, В", Негидальский язык [Negidal Language]. Lenigrad: «НАУКА» Ленинградское отделение. 1982: 219.
  133. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᡳᠯᠠᠨ", "三", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 2. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 77 (left).
  134. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "ilan", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 144.
  135. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "ilan", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 447.
  136. ↑ 恩和巴图 [Merden Enhebatu]. "ilɑ:n", 满语口语研究 [A Study of the Spoken Manchu Language]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. 1995: 258.
  137. ↑ 王娣 [Wang Di]. "ilan / ilɑn / 三", 黑河地区满语元音实验研究 [Heihe Diqu Manyu Yuanyin Shiyan Yanjiu]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University Press. 2021: 255.
  138. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "三①", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 1516.
  139. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  140. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𙄩"(ilan), 女真文辞典 [A Dictionary of Jurchen Script]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 270 (270.05).
  141. ↑ 池上二良 [Jirō Ikegami]. "ilaa", ウイルタ語辞典 [A Dictionary of the Uilta Language Spoken of Sakhalin], Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 1997: 78. ISBN 4-8329-5821-6.
  142. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "и́ла(н-)", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 55. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  143. ↑ Дзиро Икэгами [Jirō Ikegami], Е.А.Бибикова [E.A. Bibikova], Л.Р.Китазима [L.R. Kitajima] et al. "ила̄", Уилтадаирису, Говорим по-уйльтински [Uiltadairisu, Let's Speak Uilta], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2008: 94. ISBN 978-5-88453-211-3.
  144. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "ила̄н", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 190.
  145. ↑ В. А. Роббек [V.A. Robbek], М. Е. Роббек [M.E. Robbek]. "ДЫГЭ̇Н", Эвенско-русский словарь [Even-Russian Dictionary]. Novosibirsk: «НАУКА». 2005: 100.
  146. ↑ В. И. Цинциус [V.I. Tsintsius]. "диғин Н, В, дийин Н", Негидальский язык [Negidal Language]. Lenigrad: «НАУКА» Ленинградское отделение. 1982: 210.
  147. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᡩᡠᡳᠨ", "四", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 2. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 77 (left).
  148. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "duin", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 707.
  149. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "duin", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 200.
  150. ↑ 恩和巴图 [Merden Enhebatu]. "dy:n", 满语口语研究 [A Study of the Spoken Manchu Language]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. 1995: 198.
  151. ↑ 王娣 [Wang Di]. "duin / duin / 四", 黑河地区满语元音实验研究 [Heihe Diqu Manyu Yuanyin Shiyan Yanjiu]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University Press. 2021: 250.
  152. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "四1", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 1674.
  153. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  154. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𘺹"(duin), 女真文辞典 [A Dictionary of Jurchen Script]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 58 (058.02).
  155. ↑ 池上二良 [Jirō Ikegami]. "ǰiin", ウイルタ語辞典 [A Dictionary of the Uilta Language Spoken of Sakhalin], Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 1997: 88. ISBN 4-8329-5821-6.
  156. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "ӡ̌ӣн", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 50. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  157. ↑ Дзиро Икэгами [Jirō Ikegami], Е.А.Бибикова [E.A. Bibikova], Л.Р.Китазима [L.R. Kitajima] et al. "ӡӣн", Уилтадаирису, Говорим по-уйльтински [Uiltadairisu, Let's Speak Uilta], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2008: 94. ISBN 978-5-88453-211-3.
  158. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "дуин", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 162.
  159. ↑ В. А. Роббек [V.A. Robbek], М. Е. Роббек [M.E. Robbek]. "ТУНӇА̇Н", Эвенско-русский словарь [Even-Russian Dictionary]. Novosibirsk: «НАУКА». 2005: 257.
  160. ↑ В. И. Цинциус [V.I. Tsintsius]. "тонˈӈа ~ туӈнˈа Н, В", Негидальский язык [Negidal Language]. Lenigrad: «НАУКА» Ленинградское отделение. 1982: 277.
  161. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᠰᡠᠨᠵᠠ", "五", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 2. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 77 (right).
  162. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "sunja", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 527.
  163. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "sunzha", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 699.
  164. ↑ 恩和巴图 [Merden Enhebatu]. "sundʐɑ: / sundʐá:", 满语口语研究 [A Study of the Spoken Manchu Language]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. 1995: 322.
  165. ↑ 王娣 [Wang Di]. "sunja / sundʐɑ / 五", 黑河地区满语元音实验研究 [Heihe Diqu Manyu Yuanyin Shiyan Yanjiu]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University Press. 2021: 261.
  166. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "五①", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 1861.
  167. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  168. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𙄫"(ʃundʒa), 女真文辞典 [A Dictionary of Jurchen Script]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 270 (270.07).
  169. ↑ 池上二良 [Jirō Ikegami]. "tunda", ウイルタ語辞典 [A Dictionary of the Uilta Language Spoken of Sakhalin], Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 1997: 213. ISBN 4-8329-5821-6.
  170. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "ту́нда ~ тун'да", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 166. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  171. ↑ Дзиро Икэгами [Jirō Ikegami], Е.А.Бибикова [E.A. Bibikova], Л.Р.Китазима [L.R. Kitajima] et al. "тунда", Уилтадаирису, Говорим по-уйльтински [Uiltadairisu, Let's Speak Uilta], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2008: 103. ISBN 978-5-88453-211-3.
  172. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "тойнга", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 407.
  173. ↑ В. А. Роббек [V.A. Robbek], М. Е. Роббек [M.E. Robbek]. "НАДА̇Н", Эвенско-русский словарь [Even-Russian Dictionary]. Novosibirsk: «НАУКА». 2005: 186.
  174. ↑ В. И. Цинциус [V.I. Tsintsius]. "надан Н, В", Негидальский язык [Negidal Language]. Lenigrad: «НАУКА» Ленинградское отделение. 1982: 245.
  175. ↑ Commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, complied by Fuheng et al. "ᠨᠠᡩᠠᠨ", "七", han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe / 御製增訂清文鑑 [Imperially-Published Enlarged and Revised Script Mirror of Qing], Vol 2. Beijing: Wenyuan Pavilion edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. 1771: 77 (right).
  176. ↑ 安双成 [An Shuangcheng]. "nadan", 满汉大辞典 [Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1993: 232.
  177. ↑ 胡增益 [Hu, Zengyi]. "nadan", 新满汉大词典 / Iche Manzhu Nikan gisun kamchibuha buleku bithe [New Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 1994: 562.
  178. ↑ 恩和巴图 [Merden Enhebatu]. "na:dɯn", 满语口语研究 [A Study of the Spoken Manchu Language]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. 1995: 294.
  179. ↑ 王娣 [Wang Di]. "nadan / nɑdən / 七，七个", 黑河地区满语元音实验研究 [Heihe Diqu Manyu Yuanyin Shiyan Yanjiu]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University Press. 2021: 257.
  180. ↑ 贺忠德 [He, Zhongde]. "七①", 汉锡词典 / nikan sibe gisun buleku bithe [Sibe-Chinese Dictionary], Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. 2021: 1378.
  181. ↑ Mini Buleku (米尼詞典) 16 Ağustos 2026 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. [A Recorded Sibe Dictionary] Test Version
  182. ↑ 金启孮 [Jin Qicong]. "𘸼"(nadan), 女真文辞典 [A Dictionary of Jurchen Script]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. 1984: 20 (020.01).
  183. ↑ 池上二良 [Jirō Ikegami]. "nada", ウイルタ語辞典 [A Dictionary of the Uilta Language Spoken of Sakhalin], Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press. 1997: 132. ISBN 4-8329-5821-6.
  184. ↑ Л. В. Озолиня [L.V. Ozolinya], И. Я. Федяева [I.Ya. Fedyaeva]. "нада(н-)", Орокско-русский и русско-орокский словарь [Orok-Russian and Russian-Orok Dictionary], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2003: 100. ISBN 5-88453-002-1.
  185. ↑ Дзиро Икэгами [Jirō Ikegami], Е.А.Бибикова [E.A. Bibikova], Л.Р.Китазима [L.R. Kitajima] et al. "нада", Уилтадаирису, Говорим по-уйльтински [Uiltadairisu, Let's Speak Uilta], Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Сахалинское книжное издательство [Sakhalin Book Publishing House]. 2008: 97. ISBN 978-5-88453-211-3.
  186. ↑ С. Н. Оненко [S.N. Onenko]. "нада̄н", Нанайско-русский словарь [Nanai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Издательство «Русский язык». 1980: 279.

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