Piri Reis

Piri Reis var en osmannisk admiral født omkring 1465 i Tyrkiet og halshugget på sultanens ordre i 1554 eller 1555 efter et nederlag i et søslag.

Første verdenskort

Halvdelen af Piri Reis' første verdenskort blev fundet af en gruppe historikere i 1929 i Istanbul i Topkapu-paladset på en støvet hylde.

Piri Reis-kortet er tegnet på gazelleskind og det var et forsøg på at samle flere kort sandsynligvis fra forskellige kilder på et større kort.

Piri Reis-kortet blev formodentlig tegnet i 1513 og er af nogle blevet kaldt et gådefuldt kort, da det bl.a. afbilder atlanterhavskysten i Nordamerika, Sydamerika, Afrika og muligvis Antarktis' nordlige kystlinje uden is.

I følge noget af teksten på kortet:

"...his name was Colombo, be it was who discovered these places. For instance, a book fell into the hands of the said Colombo, and be found it said in this book that at the end of the Western Sea [Atlantic] that is, on its western side, there were coasts and islands and all kinds of metals and also precious stones..."
"...VII. It is related by the Portuguese infidel that in this spot night and day are at their shortest of two hours, at their longest of twenty two hours..." Det tyder på, at de har været langt sydpå. Hvis de har været sydligere, ville dag/nat forholdet være beskrevet. Dette kunne derfor være sydamerikas sydligste punkt. Følges kysten yderligere, burde man gå op igen ad sydamerikas vestlige side?
"...IX. And in this country it seems that there are white-haired monsters [ lamaer?] in this shape, and also six-horned oxen. The Portuguese infidels have written it in their maps..."
"...X. This country is a waste. Everything is in ruin and it is said that large snakes are found here. For this reason the Portuguese infidels did not land on these shores and these are also said to be very hot..." Chile?

En mere sandsynlig forklaring er, at "Antarktis' nordlige kystlinje" på kortet, faktisk er det nederste af Sydamerikas kystlinje, som er "bukket op til højre" for at kunne være med på kortet, hvilket græsset og dyrene, samt teksten om disse på denne del af kortet også peger på. Antarktis blev officielt først opdaget i 1818.

Det er blevet hævdet at kortet er usædvanligt nøjagtigt, men dette er efter videnskabelig undersøgelse blevet afvist.

Andet verdenskort

En del af Piri Reis' andet verdenskort er på Engelsk Wikipedia.

Kilder/referencer

↑ Webarchive backup: McNeese State University: The Piri Reis map of 1513 contains notes written on the map in Turkish Citat: "...IV. This map was drawn by Piri Ibn Haji Mehmed, known as the nephew of Kemal Reis, in Gallipoli, in the month of muharrem of the year 919 (that is, between the 9th of March and the 7th of April of the year 1513)..."
1 2 Webarchive backup: Gregory C. McIntosh, The tale of two admirals – Columbus and the Piri Reis Map of 1513, Mercator's World (Maj/June, 2000).
↑ Key to the Piri Re'is Map, hovedside: The Piri Re'is Map Includes high resolution images, commentary on the modern disputes about the significance of the map and translation of the map commentary.
↑ Key to the Piri Re'is Map
↑ Key to the Piri Re'is Map
↑ sacred-texts.com: Key to the Piri Re'is Map
↑ Webarchive backup: Fra McNeese State University: "Piri Reis and the Columbian Theory" in "Aramco World Magazine" (Jan-Feb 1980) by Paul Lunde Citat: "...There may, in fact, be an even simpler explanation of the presence of "Antarctica" on the Piri Reis map..."
↑ Re: Piri Reis Map Arkiveret 21. juni 2003 hos Wayback Machine Citat: "...William Miller wrote:...The examinations that I have made of it show all sorts of errors that certainly falsify any claim of unusual accuracy for this map..."
↑ Webarchive backup: Webarchive backup: Survive 2012: Piri Reis Citat: "...The projections originate from a point at the intersection of the meridian of Alexandria (30°E) and the Tropic of Cancer....Longitudes were not able to be accurately calculated until the 1770's when John Harrison invented his Chronometer No.4. However, the Piri Reis map has correct and accurate relative longitudes...Maps by Mercator, Oronteus Fineaus and Phillipe Buache also show the pre-glacial Antarctica – before it was discovered ..."
↑ Webarchive backup: Commander Ohlmeyer's letter Citat: "...The geographical detail shown in the lower part of the map agrees very remarkably with the results of the seismic profile made across the top of the ice-cap by the Swedish-British Antarctic Expedition of 1949. This indicates the coastline had been mapped before it was covered by the ice-cap...."
↑ en:Image:Second World Map of Piri Reis.jpg

Se også

Vinlandskortet
Nicolo Zeno kortet (1393? over Nordamerika?, Grønland og Norden) Theory that Henry Sinclair explored North America
Nicolo Canerio kortet (Caveri (Canerio) world map, 1502-04 Arkiveret 10. februar 2005 hos Wayback Machine)
Cantino kortet (Cantino's world map, 1502 Arkiveret 7. april 2005 hos Wayback Machine)

Eksterne henvisninger

Maps Historical på Curlie (som bygger videre på Open Directory Project)
Webarchive backup: McNeese State University: The oldest map of America drawn by Piri Reis; by Prof. Dr. Afetinan
Webarchive backup: McNeese State University: 3 MB Piri Reis kortet – høj opløsning,
Piri Reis kortet (sort hvid med kommentarer) Arkiveret 7. februar 2005 hos Wayback Machine
Mest om Oronteus Finaeus verdenskortet:
- The Mysterious Origins of Man: The Oronteus Finaeus Map of 1532, by Paul Heinrich Paul Heinrich kritiserer her Dr. Charles Hapgood's Antarktis fortolkninger.

[1] Webarchive backup: McNeese State University: The Piri Reis map of 1513 contains notes written on the map in Turkish Citat: "...IV. This map was drawn by Piri Ibn Haji Mehmed, known as the nephew of Kemal Reis, in Gallipoli, in the month of muharrem of the year 919 (that is, between the 9th of March and the 7th of April of the year 1513)..."

[mercatormag-2] 1 2 Webarchive backup: Gregory C. McIntosh, The tale of two admirals – Columbus and the Piri Reis Map of 1513, Mercator's World (Maj/June, 2000).

[3] Key to the Piri Re'is Map, hovedside: The Piri Re'is Map Includes high resolution images, commentary on the modern disputes about the significance of the map and translation of the map commentary.

[4] Key to the Piri Re'is Map

[5] Key to the Piri Re'is Map

[6] sacred-texts.com: Key to the Piri Re'is Map

[7] Webarchive backup: Fra McNeese State University: "Piri Reis and the Columbian Theory" in "Aramco World Magazine" (Jan-Feb 1980) by Paul Lunde Citat: "...There may, in fact, be an even simpler explanation of the presence of "Antarctica" on the Piri Reis map..."

[8] Re: Piri Reis Map Arkiveret 21. juni 2003 hos Wayback Machine Citat: "...William Miller wrote:...The examinations that I have made of it show all sorts of errors that certainly falsify any claim of unusual accuracy for this map..."

[9] Webarchive backup: Webarchive backup: Survive 2012: Piri Reis Citat: "...The projections originate from a point at the intersection of the meridian of Alexandria (30°E) and the Tropic of Cancer....Longitudes were not able to be accurately calculated until the 1770's when John Harrison invented his Chronometer No.4. However, the Piri Reis map has correct and accurate relative longitudes...Maps by Mercator, Oronteus Fineaus and Phillipe Buache also show the pre-glacial Antarctica – before it was discovered ..."

[10] Webarchive backup: Commander Ohlmeyer's letter Citat: "...The geographical detail shown in the lower part of the map agrees very remarkably with the results of the seismic profile made across the top of the ice-cap by the Swedish-British Antarctic Expedition of 1949. This indicates the coastline had been mapped before it was covered by the ice-cap...."

[11] :Image:Second World Map of Piri Reis.jpg