Ng (Arabic letter)

Ng
Ng
ڭ ݣ
Usage
Writing system	Arabic script
Type	Abjad
Language of origin	Uyghur, Ottoman Turkish, Tatar
Sound values	[ŋ], [g] (in Moroccan Arabic)
In Unicode	U+0763, U+06AD
History
Development	ک ك ڭ ݣ; ; ; ; ; ;
Sisters	ګ; ڬ; ڮ; گ; ݢ; ࢴ; ;
Other
Writing direction	Right-to-left
	This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Ng or Ngaf (ݣ or ڭ) is an additional letter of the Arabic script, derived from kāf (ك ک) with the addition of three dots above the letter. The letter was used in Ottoman Turkish to represent a velar /ŋ/ and is still used for it when writing Turkic languages.

Position in word:	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Naskh glyph form: (Help)	ݣ	ـݣ	ـݣـ	ݣـ
Nastaliq glyph form:	ݣ	ــــݣ	ــــݣــــ	ݣــــ

Position in word:	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Naskh glyph form: (Help)	ڭ	ـڭ	ـڭـ	ڭـ
Nastaliq glyph form:	ڭ	ــــڭ	ــــڭــــ	ڭــــ

Usage

In Ottoman Turkish, it represented the velar /ŋ/. An example is the word däŋiz (دڭز, 'sea'). The letter is used or has been used to write /ŋ/ in:

It is also used in Moroccan Arabic for /ɡ/.

The Xiao'erjing script variant ݣ is used to spell /ŋ/ in Sinitic languages such as Mandarin (especially the Lanyin, Zhongyuan and Northeastern dialects) and the Dungan language.

Other characters used to represent /ŋ/

Southeast Asian nga

Position in word:	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ڠ	ـڠ	ـڠـ	ڠـ

This letter, derived from ghayn (غ), is used to represent /ŋ/ in:

the Jawi script, for
- Acehnese
- Banjarese
- Kerinci
- Maguindanaon
- Malay
- Minangkabau
- Tausūg
- Ternate
the Pegon script, for
- Javanese
- Sundanese
Arabic Afrikaans, for Afrikaans historically, called ngīn ([ŋiːn])

Wolof ngōn

Position in word:	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ݝ	ـݝ	ـݝـ	ݝـ

This letter is also derived from ghayn. Called ngōn (Wolof pronunciation: [ŋɔːn]), it is used in the Wolofal alphabet to represent /ŋ/ in the Wolof language. Two variants of kāf were also used: ڭ as in Turkic, and ݤ‎ below.

Position in word:	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ݤ	ـݤ	ـݤـ	ݤـ

Sindhi ngāf

Position in word:	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ڱ‎‎	ـڱ‎‎	ـڱ‎‎ـ	ڱ‎‎ـ

Derived from the Perso-Arabic gāf (گ) and called ngāf [ŋäːf], is used in Sindhi for /ŋ/ when written in the Arabic script.

Tamil nga

Position in word:	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ࢳ	ـࢳ	ـࢳـ	ࢳـ

This letter is also derived from ghayn, with three dots inside the descender, to represent /ŋ/ in the Arwi script used for Tamil.

References

↑ Daftar Kata Bahasa Melayu Rumi-Sebutan-Jawi, Dewan Bahasa Pustaka, 5th printing, 2006.
↑ Priest, Lorna A; Hosken, Martin; SIL International (12 August 2010). "Proposal to add Arabic script characters for African and Asian languages" (PDF). pp. 13–18, 34–37.
↑ Currah, Galien (26 August 2015) ORTHOGRAPHE WOLOFAL. Link (Archive)

[1] Daftar Kata Bahasa Melayu Rumi-Sebutan-Jawi, Dewan Bahasa Pustaka, 5th printing, 2006.

[proposal-2] Priest, Lorna A; Hosken, Martin; SIL International (12 August 2010). "Proposal to add Arabic script characters for African and Asian languages" (PDF). pp. 13–18, 34–37.

[Currah-3] Currah, Galien (26 August 2015) ORTHOGRAPHE WOLOFAL. Link (Archive)