Ram (album)

Ram
Studio album by
Paul and Linda McCartney
Released17 May 1971 (1971-05-17)
Recorded16 October 1970 – 1 March 1971
Studios
  • Columbia and A&R (New York)
  • Sound Recording (Los Angeles)
Genres
Length43:15
LabelApple
Producers
  • Paul McCartney
  • Linda McCartney
Paul and Linda McCartney chronology
McCartney
(1970)		 Ram
(1971)		 Wild Life
(1971)
Paul McCartney studio album chronology
McCartney
(1970)		 Ram
(1971)		 Thrillington
(1977)
Singles from Ram
  1. "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey"
    Released: 2 August 1971 (US)
  2. "The Back Seat of My Car"
    Released: 13 August 1971 (UK)
  3. "Eat at Home"
    Released: 2 September 1971 (Europe only, excluding UK)

Ram (also stylised in all caps) is the only studio album credited to the spousal music duo Paul and Linda McCartney, and the former's second solo album after leaving the Beatles. Released on 17 May 1971 by Apple Records, it was recorded in New York with guitarists David Spinozza and Hugh McCracken, and future Wings drummer Denny Seiwell. Three singles were issued from the album: "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey" (McCartney's first number 1 hit in America without the Beatles), "The Back Seat of My Car" and "Eat at Home". The recording sessions also yielded the non-album single "Another Day".

The album's release coincided with a period of acrimony between McCartney and the other former Beatles, and followed his legal action in the United Kingdom's High Court to dissolve the Beatles partnership. John Lennon perceived slights in the lyrics to songs such as "Too Many People", to which he responded with his song "How Do You Sleep?". McCartney felt he had addressed the criticism he received for his 1970 solo debut, McCartney, but Ram elicited a similarly unfavourable reaction from music journalists. It nonetheless topped the national album charts in the UK, the Netherlands and Canada. Today, Ram is held in high regard by many music critics and is often ranked as one of McCartney's best albums.

In 1971, McCartney produced Thrillington, an instrumental interpretation of Ram released in 1977 under the pseudonym Percy 'Thrills' Thrillington. In 2012, an expanded edition of Ram was reissued (Thrillington included) with over two dozen bonus tracks as part of the Paul McCartney Archive Collection. In 2023, Ram was ranked number 450 on Rolling Stone's list of the greatest albums of all time.

Background

Following the break-up of the Beatles and the release of his first solo album McCartney, Paul McCartney wanted to try something new for his next project. While the previous album was a minimalist record that featured him playing every instrument, for the next album, he planned a more ambitious project, wanting superb studio players and the best studios. In the 2025 book Wings: The Story of a Band on the Run, he described Ram as a response to the critical reception of McCartney: "[My first album] did well in the charts... but it didn't do well with critics; some of those reviews were pretty vicious. So I thought, 'Okay – I'll do the opposite next time, then!' So Ram was done with the top people in the top studio." Having amassed a large number of songs during the summer of 1970, McCartney and his family travelled by boat from London to New York City in October 1970 to begin auditions for musicians, who were gathered under the guise of recording a commercial jingle.

Auditions began on 9 October in the basement of an old apartment building on 43rd Street in Manhattan. At first, Paul decided that the eclectic mix of auditioning drummers would accommodate the variety of styles in his new songs, so he hired three, one for each week of sessions: Denny Seiwell, Donald MacDonald and Herbie Lovelle; days later, McCartney changed his mind and hired Seiwell for the entire sessions. The next day, auditions moved to a loft on 45th Street. Multiple guitarists auditioned before David Spinozza was hired by Paul's wife Linda McCartney. Other musicians who auditioned included drummer Alan Schwarzberg and guitarist David Bromberg. To make up for the high cost of the session players, Paul McCartney decided to record all the backing tracks first, overdubbing bass, extra guitar and vocals later.

Songs and production

The basic tracks for the album were taped at Columbia's Studio B from 12 October to 19 November 1970, with additional vocal sessions on 6–11 December at Columbia's Studio D, before the McCartneys returned to their Scottish farm for the Christmas holidays. Here at A&R Studios, a total of 19 tracks was recorded, including 10 out of 12 that would be included on RAM. Some tracks required many attempts, due to their complicated structure, such as "The Back Seat of My Car", which needed a lot of work to be perfected. Drummer Denny Seiwell told author Luca Perasi: "That song took a little longer than any other because of all the movements, and the reprise coda ... We celebrated when we got the good take!" Work continued at A&R Recording Studios, New York, from the second week of January 1971 to February. Playing guitar or piano and singing at the same time, Paul chose to overdub his bass later. Although it was a collaborative project, Linda's vocal duties were mostly limited to singing harmonies and backing Paul, who sang almost all the lead parts. Linda sang co-lead on "Long Haired Lady". The McCartneys' daughter Heather, whom Paul had adopted the previous year, sang backing vocals on "Monkberry Moon Delight".

"Ram On", from the album's first side, is reprised (actually continued from the earlier track) on the second side, before the album's final track, "The Back Seat of My Car". McCartney brought in a group of New York-based freelancers, including past and present members of the New York Philharmonic, to play on "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey", "Long Haired Lady" and "The Back Seat of My Car", as well as the McCartneys' song "Another Day", with arrangements by George Martin. "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey" is in a similar vein to the Abbey Road medley, consisting of several unfinished songs combined into one. Videos were made for "3 Legs" and "Heart of the Country" from footage filmed at High Park, Campbeltown on 5–6 June 1971 and edited by Roy Benson.

The project moved to Sound Recording in Los Angeles, where many of the backing vocals were recorded. Producer Jim Guercio cancelled his honeymoon to oversee the project, but McCartney did not follow his direction, and progress stalled. McCartney was unable to choose which of the 20+ recorded songs would be cut from the album. Guercio left the project to honour a previous booking, and Norwegian engineer Eirik Wangberg replaced him, finishing the album over six weeks. McCartney gave Wangberg free rein to mix the songs as he saw fit and sequence them for the album any way he chose. Among Wangberg's creative decisions was to stitch two songs together to make "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey" and to introduce thunder sound effects to that song; the thunder was taken from a monaural film clip Wangberg recorded onto two tracks with small differences to make artificial stereo. Paul and Linda were very happy with the final mix.

The recording project also yielded the independent single "Another Day" and its B-side, "Oh Woman, Oh Why", released in February 1971. Session songs dropped from the album sequence included "Little Woman Love" and tracks later featured on Wings' 1973 album Red Rose Speedway: "Get on the Right Thing", "Little Lamb Dragonfly" and "Big Barn Bed". "I Lie Around", issued as the B-side to Wings' 1973 single "Live and Let Die", was taped during these sessions. Also recorded was the first incarnation of "Seaside Woman". McCartney also recorded "Hey Diddle", "A Love for You", "Great Cock and Seagull Race", "Now Hear This Song of Mine", "Rode All Night", "Sunshine Sometimes" and "When the Wind Is Blowing".

References to the Beatles and others

According to Peter Brown, the Beatles' former business associate, John Lennon believed that several of the songs on Ram contained personal jibes at him and Yoko Ono, among them "Dear Boy" and particularly "Too Many People". McCartney later conceded that some of the lyrics of "Too Many People" had been "a little dig at John and Yoko", with "preaching practices" and "you took your lucky break and broke it in two" being direct references to Lennon. But he said "Dear Boy" was directed at Linda's ex-husband, not Lennon. Brown also said the picture of two beetles copulating on the back cover symbolized how McCartney felt the other Beatles were treating him. George Harrison and Ringo Starr reportedly interpreted the track "3 Legs" as an attack on them and Lennon.

Artwork

The back cover of the Ram album. The two beetles copulating symbolised how Paul felt the other Beatles were treating him.

The cover artwork depicts Paul McCartney grabbing a ram's horns. Photographed by Linda in black and white, Paul cut the top off the original picture and glued it onto a piece of cardboard. From there, he coloured in the remaining image with magic markers, using yellow for the sky, a blue rectangular outline for the album title, and a purple, red, yellow and green zigzag border. In the middle of the right zigzag, he wrote L.I.L.Y., an acronym for "Linda I Love You". For the back cover, Paul drew another yellow backdrop on a piece of cardboard, completing the image with more zigzags, a pair of lips at the bottom, eyes and teeth at the top, a picture of the McCartney family at High Park Farm, and two images of two beetles copulating. According to Brown, the beetle images symbolised how McCartney felt the other Beatles were treating him. Paul confirmed this was true in a December 1997 interview with Q magazine. The gatefold sleeve features images of Paul and Linda recording the album and in their spare time against a blue and green background. The LP sleeve lists the song titles and credits for the musicians (with Spinozza's name misspelled), artwork and production team.

Release

"Another Day" / "Oh Woman, Oh Why" was released that February and became a worldwide Top 5 hit. In May, Ram was unveiled, on the 17th in the US and on the 21st in the UK. "The Back Seat of My Car" was excerpted as a UK single in August, reaching number 39, but the US release of the ambitious "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey" proved much more successful, giving McCartney his first number 1 single since leaving the Beatles. The album reached number 1 in the UK and number 2 in the US, where it spent over five months in the Top 10 and went platinum. Despite the phasing-out of monaural albums by the late 1960s, Ram was pressed in mono with unique mixes that differ from the common stereo version. These were made available only to radio stations and are among the most valuable and sought-after of McCartney's solo records. The album has sold over 3 million copies.

In July, Northern Songs and Maclen Music sued Paul and Linda McCartney for violating an exclusive rights agreement by collaborating on "Another Day". Although six of the 11 songs on Ram were co-written by Linda, both parties agreed the issue of royalties for the album could be decided later. In June 1972, Associated Television (ATV), which then owned Northern Songs, announced, "all differences between them have been amicably settled", and the McCartneys signed a new seven-year co-publishing contract between ATV and McCartney Music.

Critical reception

Upon its release, Ram was panned by music critics. McCartney was particularly hurt by the harsh reviews − especially as he had attempted to address the points raised in criticism of his earlier album, McCartney, by taking a more professional approach. In his review for Rolling Stone, Jon Landau called Ram "incredibly inconsequential" and "monumentally irrelevant", and criticised its lack of intensity and energy. He added that it exposes McCartney as having "benefited immensely from collaboration" with the Beatles, particularly Lennon, who "held the reins in on McCartney's cutsie-pie, florid attempts at pure rock muzak" and kept him from "going off the deep end that leads to an album as emotionally vacuous as Ram". Playboy accused McCartney of "substituting facility for any real substance", and compared it to "watching someone juggle five guitars: It's fairly impressive, but you keep wondering why he bothers." In NME, Alan Smith called it "an excursion into almost unrelieved tedium" and "the worst thing Paul McCartney has ever done". Robert Christgau, for The Village Voice, called it "a bad record, a classic form/content mismatch", but Paul Levinson countered in The Village Voice that the mismatch was "in the wires and components of Christgau's stereo". Christgau felt that McCartney succumbed to "conspicuous consumption" by overworking himself and obscenely producing a style of music meant to be soft and whimsical. Chris Charlesworth of Melody Maker considered Ram a better record than McCartney, but still found it inferior to the recent releases of Harrison and Lennon. Charlesworth concluded: "A good album by anybody's standards and certainly far better than the majority released by British groups and singers. Trouble is you expect too much from a man like Paul McCartney." Four years later, Roy Carr and Tony Tyler of NME wrote, "it would be naive to have expected the McCartneys to produce anything other than a mediocre record ... Grisly though this was, McCartney was to sink lower before rescuing his credibility late in 1973."

McCartney's fellow ex-Beatles, all of whom were riding high in critical favour with their recent releases, were likewise vocally critical. Lennon said he hated the album, dismissing it as "muzak to my ears" in his song "How Do You Sleep?" Starr told the UK's Melody Maker: "I feel sad about Paul's albums ... I don't think there's one [good] tune on the last one, Ram ... he seems to be going strange." In addition to conducting a war of words in the British music press, "Crippled Inside", another track on Lennon's Imagine, was thought to be directed at McCartney. Early editions of Imagine included a postcard of Lennon pulling a pig's ears in a parody of Ram's cover photograph of McCartney holding a ram's horns.

Retrospect

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic86/100
(Deluxe edition)
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusicStarStarStarStarStar
American SongwriterStarStarStar
BlenderStarStarStarStarStar
Christgau's Record GuideC+
MojoStarStarStarStar
MusicHound Rock3.5/5
Pitchfork9.2/10
QStarStar
Rolling StoneStarStarStarStarHalf star
Uncut8/10

The 2012 reissue of Ram received an aggregate score of 86 out of 100 from Metacritic, based on twelve reviews – a score the website defines as indicating "universal acclaim". Reviewing this issue, Mojo said that "today it sounds quintessentially McCartney". AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote: "in retrospect it looks like nothing so much as the first indie pop album, a record that celebrates small pleasures with big melodies." Pitchfork's Jayson Greene similarly felt McCartney was "inventing an approach to pop music that would eventually become someone else's indie pop", and called Ram "a domestic-bliss album, one of the weirdest, earthiest, and most honest ever made". Simon Vozick-Levinson of Rolling Stone dubbed it a "daffy masterpiece" and "a grand psychedelic ramble full of divine melodies and orchestral frippery".

David Quantick of Uncut felt that, although it is not as "legendary" as publicised, the album is "occasionally brilliant and historically fascinating" as "post-Beatles mish-mash". Steven Hyden, writing for The A.V. Club, said that the "lightweight" style originally panned by critics is "actually (when heard with sympathetic ears) a big part of what makes it so appealing." Q magazine still found Ram "frustratingly uneven". In a retrospective review in 1981, Robert Christgau doubled down on his dislike of the album and panned McCartney's songs in general as pretentious "crotchets ... so lightweight they float away even as Paulie layers them down with caprices."

Reissues

In 1977, McCartney supervised the release of an instrumental interpretation of Ram (recorded in June 1971 and arranged by Richard Hewson) with the release of Thrillington under the pseudonym of Percy "Thrills" Thrillington. Thrillington was later released as part of the 2012 super-deluxe release of Ram.

Ram, along with McCartney's Wings over America and Tug of War albums, was issued in the US on compact disc on 18 January 1988. In 1993, the album was remastered and reissued on CD as part of The Paul McCartney Collection series with "Another Day" and "Oh Woman, Oh Why" as bonus tracks. That same year, Digital Compact Classics released an audiophile edition prepared by Steve Hoffman.

On 21 May 2012 (in the UK) and 22 May (in the US), the album was reissued by McCartney's current label, Hear Music, as part of the Paul McCartney Archive Collection. This reissue included the mono mix, which had never been issued previously on compact disc, except by bootleggers. The mono version was also released commercially in 2012 as a limited edition LP. The 2012 reissue was accompanied by a Record Store Day-exclusive edition of the "Another Day" single.

Tributes

In 2009, two tribute albums featuring all of the album's songs were put together:

In 2012, Danish rock singer/songwriter Tim Christensen, American singer/songwriters Mike Viola and Tracy Bonham, and Christensen's solo band the Damn Crystals did a one-off tribute show, performing Ram in full, along with other McCartney post-Beatles songs, at Vega in Copenhagen, in celebration of McCartney's 70th birthday. In 2013, this tribute concert was released as the DVD/CD and DVD/2-LP album Pure McCartney.

In 2021, Denny Seiwell and Fernando Perdomo produced Ram On: The 50th Anniversary Tribute to Paul and Linda McCartney's Ram. The album has over 100 musicians from all over the world creating a new version of Ram and the single tracks "Another Day" and "Oh Woman, Oh Why". The contributors included Seiwell, Spinozza, and Marvin Stamm from the original sessions, along with Davey Johnstone, Will Lee, Joey Santiago of the Pixies, Eric Dover formerly of Jellyfish, and Carnie Wilson. Cherry Red Records released the album on May 17, 2021.

Track listing

All tracks are written by Paul McCartney, except * with Linda McCartney.

Side one
No.TitleLength
1."Too Many People"4:10
2."3 Legs"2:44
3."Ram On"2:26
4."Dear Boy" (*)2:12
5."Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey" (*)4:49
6."Smile Away"3:51
Side two
No.TitleLength
7."Heart of the Country" (*)2:21
8."Monkberry Moon Delight" (*)5:21
9."Eat at Home" (*)3:18
10."Long Haired Lady" (*)5:54
11."Ram On (Reprise)"0:52
12."The Back Seat of My Car"4:26
Total length:43:15
Additional tracks on 1993 reissue
No.TitleLength
13."Another Day" (*)3:42
14."Oh Woman, Oh Why"4:35

Archive Collection reissue

Ram was reissued in several packages:

Personnel

Charts

Weekly charts

Notes

  1. ↑ Seiwell later became the drummer of the McCartneys' new band, Wings.
  2. ↑ This composition is made up of two songs: "Long Haired Lady" and "Love Is Long", making it the longest track on the album.
  3. ↑ Near the end of the reprise version of "Ram On" McCartney sings lyrics from Wings' "Big Barn Bed".
  4. ↑ An early version of "The Back Seat of My Car" was premiered during the Beatles' Get Back/Let It Be sessions in January 1969.
  5. ↑ Spinozza played lead guitar on "Get on the Right Thing", while McCracken played it on "Little Lamb Dragonfly".
  6. ↑ In the original version of the line "You took your lucky break and broke it in two", "You" was "Yoko".
  7. ↑ In a December 1997 interview granted to Q magazine regarding whether the significance of this image was simply "fuck the Beatles", McCartney agreed, explaining the image had been taken by Linda, "then the significance hit us. We saw that pun, yeah, thought why not?"
  8. ↑ One of these images, featuring Paul playing electric guitar, was used as the cover for his 1988 covers album CHOBA B CCCP, released exclusively in the Soviet Union.
  9. ↑ UK Apple R 5914
  10. ↑ US Apple 1837
  11. ↑ US Capitol CDP 7 46612 2
  12. ↑ Europe Parlophone CDPMCOL 2/0777 7 89139 2 4
  13. ↑ US DCC Compact Classics GZS-1037
  14. ↑ Europe Hear Music HRM-33452-01
  15. ↑ Europe Hear Music HRM-33448-02/0888072334489
  16. ↑ Europe Hear Music HRM-33449-02/0888072334496
  17. ↑ US Hear Music HRM-33449-02
  18. ↑ Europe Hear Music HRM-33450-00
  19. ↑ US Hear Music HRM-33450-00
  20. ↑ Europe Hear Music HRM-33451-01
  21. ↑ Europe Hear Music HRM-33452-01

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  93. ↑ "Album Search: Paul & Linda McCartney: Ram" (in German). Media Control. Retrieved 3 October 2011.[dead link]
  94. ↑ "austriancharts.at Paul & Linda McCartney – RAM" (ASP). Hung Medien (in German). Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  95. ↑ "ultratop.be Paul & Linda McCartney – RAM" (ASP). Hung Medien (in Dutch). Ultratop. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  96. ↑ "ultratop.be Paul & Linda McCartney – RAM" (ASP). Hung Medien (in French). Ultratop. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  97. ↑ "lescharts.com Paul & Linda McCartney – RAM" (ASP). Hung Medien (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  98. ↑ "Offiziellecharts.de – Paul & Linda McCartney – Ram" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  99. ↑ "ポール&リンダ・マッカートニー-リリース-ORICON STYLE-ミュージック Highest position and charting weeks of Ram by Paul & Linda McCartney". oricon.co.jp. Oricon Style (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  100. ↑ "spanishcharts.com – Paul & Linda McCartney – RAM" (ASP). Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  101. ↑ "Paul & Linda McCartney – RAM" (ASP). swedishcharts.com (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  102. ↑ Caulfield, Keith (1 June 2012). "Chart Moves: Kimbra Debuts in Top 20 on Billboard 200, McCartney's 'Ram' Returns". billboard.biz. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  103. ↑ "Dutch charts jaaroverzichten 1971" (ASP) (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  104. ↑ "Les Albums (CD) de 1971 par InfoDisc" (in French). infodisc.fr. Archived from the original (PHP) on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
  105. ↑ "The Official UK Charts Company : ALBUM CHART HISTORY". Archived from the original on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 17 December 2007.
  106. ↑ 1971 Year-end Albums – The Billboard Pop Albums. 25 December 1971. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  107. ↑ "Canadian album certifications – Paul McCartney – Ram". Music Canada.
  108. ↑ "British album certifications – Paul McCartney – Ram". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 16 January 2022. Select albums in the Formats field. Type Ram Paul McCartney in the "Search:" field.
  109. ↑ "American album certifications – Paul McCartney – Ram". Recording Industry Association of America.
Bibliography