ADH5

ADH5
Identifiers
Aliases	ADH5, ADH-3, ADHX, FALDH, FDH, GSH-FDH, GSNOR, HEL-S-60p, alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide, BMFS7, AMEDS
External IDs	OMIM: 103710; MGI: 87929; GeneCards: ADH5
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1M6H, 1M6W, 1MA0, 1MC5, 1MP0, 1TEH, 2FZE, 2FZW, 3QJ5
Enzyme activity
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (human)
End	99,088,801 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)
End	138,161,260 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	gastric mucosa; ; Descending thoracic aorta; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; kidney tubule; ; corpus epididymis; ; ascending aorta; ; Achilles tendon; ; popliteal artery; ; tibial arteries; ; ventricular zone;
	Top expressed in
	primitive streak; ; left lobe of liver; ; Gonadal ridge; ; endocardial cushion; ; medullary collecting duct; ; ureter; ; medial ganglionic eminence; ; vas deferens; ; olfactory epithelium; ; atrioventricular valve;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein homodimerization activity; zinc ion binding; metal ion binding; fatty acid binding; formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity; electron transfer activity; oxidoreductase activity; S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase activity; alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity; alcohol dehydrogenase activity, zinc-dependent;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cytosol; mitochondrion; extracellular exosome;
Biological process	respiratory system process; retinoid metabolic process; response to redox state; positive regulation of blood pressure; response to lipopolysaccharide; peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation; response to nitrosative stress; formaldehyde catabolic process; ethanol oxidation; electron transport chain;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Databases	NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
	128
	11532
	ENSG00000197894
	ENSMUSG00000028138
	P11766
	P28474
	NM_000671
	NM_001288578; NM_007410
	NP_000662
	NP_001275507; NP_031436
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADH5 gene.

This gene encodes glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase or the class III alcohol dehydrogenase chi subunit, which is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. Members of this family metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products. Class III alcohol dehydrogenase is a homodimer composed of 2 chi subunits. It has virtually no activity for ethanol oxidation, but exhibits high activity for oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and for oxidation of S-hydroxymethyl-glutathione, a spontaneous adduct between formaldehyde and glutathione.

This enzyme is an important component of cellular metabolism for the elimination of formaldehyde, a potent irritant and sensitizing agent that causes lacrymation, rhinitis, pharyngitis, and contact dermatitis.

Clinical significance

Mutations of the ADH5 gene and ALDH2 gene cause AMED syndrome, an autosomal recessive digenic multisystem disorder characterized by global developmental delay with impaired intellectual development, short stature, growth impairment and early development of myelodysplastic syndrome and bone marrow failure. The syndrome was first described in 2020.