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Adolph Modéer (15 April 1739 – 16 July 1799) was a Swedish surveyor, economic historian and naturalist.
Modéer was born at Karlskrona, Sweden. He became a student at Lund University in 1754.
Modéer worked as a surveyor from 1755, and was Secretary of the Medical Society at Stockholm and from 1786 a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. As a naturalist he was mainly interested in malacology and entomology. He also worked on jellyfish. As an economic historian, he wrote on the history of Sweden's trade.