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Ann Horowitz | |
|---|---|
| Born | Ann Holway August 24, 1936 Weymouth, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | March 2, 2024 (aged 87) Gainesville, Florida, U.S. |
| Spouse |
Ira Horowitz
(m. 1958; died 2022) |
| Academic background | |
| Education | University of Connecticut (BA, 1958) University of Kansas (MA, 1960) Indiana University (PhD, 1966) |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Industrial organization, Public finance, Welfare economics |
| Institutions | Indiana University University of Florida Council on Wage and Price Stability |
Ann Holway "Nancy" Horowitz (also published as Ann R. Horowitz; August 24, 1936 – March 2, 2024) was an American economist who worked on industrial organization, public finance and the economics of social welfare, including racial differences in income. She taught at the University of Florida from 1973, with interruptions, until her retirement in 2000, and was a senior economist at the federal Council on Wage and Price Stability.
Ann Holway was born in Weymouth, Massachusetts, on August 24, 1936, the daughter of Lowell Hoyt Holway, a naval architect, and Ann (Donohew) Holway. She grew up in Groton, Connecticut, where her father worked for the submarine builder Electric Boat, and graduated from Robert E. Fitch High School in 1954. She graduated summa cum laude from the University of Connecticut in 1958 with a BA in mathematics. She received an MA in economics from the University of Kansas in 1960 and a PhD in economics from Indiana University in 1966, where she held a Ford Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship in 1965–66.
Horowitz taught at Indiana University as a teaching associate from 1962 to 1965 and, after completing her doctorate, as an assistant professor of economics. In 1973 she became director of the Florida Econometric Forecasting Project at the University of Florida. In 1975 she moved to Washington, D.C., as a senior economist on the Council on Wage and Price Stability in the Executive Office of the President. She returned to the University of Florida in September 1976 as an associate professor of economics and coordinator of graduate studies, a post she held at intervals for sixteen years. She was a visiting associate professor at Michigan State University in 1978–79 and a visiting fellow at the City University of Hong Kong in 1992–94, 1997–98 and 2002. She retired as associate professor emerita in July 2000.
She was a consultant to the Florida Department of Administration and worked with the Governor's Economic Advisory Board on the Governor's Annual Economic Report from 1973 to 1975. She served on the editorial board of the Sage Professional Papers in Political Economy (1974–77) and the editorial advisory board of the Industrial Organization Review (1974–80), and was interim chair of the Industrial Organization Society in 1976–77.
With her husband, the economist Ira Horowitz, she studied the industrial organization of the American brewing industry, examining declining per capita beer consumption in the 1960s, the growing dominance of large national brewers and the trend toward mergers. They also analyzed entropy-based measures of industrial concentration, concluding that the limitations of entropy analysis outweighed its marginal contributions to the field.
Her 1968 article in the Southern Economic Journal used simultaneous-equation methods to explain interstate differences in state and local government spending, measuring public output by full-time-equivalent government employment as well as by per capita expenditure. She found that per capita personal income and per capita government expenditure were directly related, that income distribution and population density added little explanatory power, and that there was no systematic relationship between income and federal grants-in-aid. In a 2000 paper with Ira Horowitz she challenged the assumption that raising the probability of an audit or the penalty for underreporting necessarily reduces tax evasion, showing that the result does not hold once the link between after-tax income and the choice between work and leisure is taken into account.
In a 1972 study in Applied Economics Horowitz used a first-order Markov chain model of aggregate data to estimate the probabilities of families moving between income classes. She found that low-income black families were less likely than white families to increase their income, while middle- and high-income black families were more likely to suffer a decline, and concluded that, other things being equal, existing racial disparities would widen. With George M. von Furstenberg and Bennett Harrison she co-edited Patterns of Racial Discrimination (1974), two volumes on housing and on employment and income that grew out of a conference on racial discrimination at Indiana University in May 1973. Reviewing it in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Francis G. Caro called the collection "a state of the art document on discrimination as it has been seen in recent years by academic economists" and most valuable to economists working on the subject, but criticized it as "a rather loose aggregation of rather diverse materials" confined to economists' contributions. Robert J. Flanagan, in The Journal of Business, noted that several chapters had already appeared in professional journals and that the papers often restated familiar positions, while singling out the theoretical contributions, including one by Joseph Stiglitz. Her other work included a study of auto parts prices for the Council on Wage and Price Stability (1977) and an analysis of quadratic loss functions in evaluating macroeconomic policy (1987).
She married Ira Horowitz on June 6, 1958; they were married for 64 years, until his death in 2022. She was known as "Nancy". She died at the Oak Hammock retirement community in Gainesville on March 2, 2024, at the age of 87, after a sudden illness.