Atmospheric sub-rotation

Atmospheric sub-rotation or subrotation is the phenomenon where a planet's atmosphere rotates slower than the planet itself. It can be observed in the averaged motion of the Earth's troposphere and on the ice giant planets Neptune and Uranus.

The reverse phenomenon is known as atmospheric super-rotation.

References

  1. ↑ Laraia, Anne L.; Schneider, Tapio (1 November 2015). "Superrotation in Terrestrial Atmospheres". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 72 (11): 4281–4296. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-15-0030.1. ISSN 0022-4928.
  2. ↑ Duer-Milner, Keren; Gavriel, Nimrod; Galanti, Eli; Tziperman, Eli; Kaspi, Yohai (10 October 2025). "From gas to ice giants: A unified mechanism for equatorial jets". Science Advances. 11 (41) eads8899. doi:10.1126/sciadv.ads8899. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 12513438. PMID 41071886.
  3. ↑ Mendenhall, Brooks (6 November 2025). "Why do giant planet jet streams blow in opposite directions?". Astronomy Magazine. Retrieved 5 February 2026.

See also