Backward speech

Backward speech
Backward speech
Symptoms	Speaking by spontaneously and accurately reversing words
Causes	Can be caused by:; genetics; head injury; side effects of neurosurgery;

The trait of backward speech is described as an ability to spontaneously and accurately reverse words. Two strategies of word reversal were reported: reversal according to the phonetic structure of the words or reversal according to their spelling. In the 1980s,

Nelson Cowan hypothesized that this ability is afforded by an extraordinary working memory. Recent studies have provided evidence that the working memory is indeed involved in this ability and further suggested that genetic factors may contribute to this trait.

Some cases

Patients of Nelson Cowan.
Italian-speaking patient that gained the ability to speak backwards after neurosurgery.
A patient that could talk backward after a head injury which resulted in conversion disorder.
Serbian family with the ability to speak backwards voluntarily.

References

1 2 3 Prekovic S, Đurđević DF, Csifcsák G, Šveljo O, Stojković O, Janković M, Koprivšek K, Covill LE, Lučić M, Van den Broeck T, Helsen C, Ceroni F, Claessens F, Newbury DF (February 2016). "Multidisciplinary investigation links backward-speech trait and working memory through genetic mutation". Scientific Reports. 6 20369. Bibcode:2016NatSR...620369P. doi:10.1038/srep20369. PMC 4738289. PMID 26838027.
1 2 Cowan N, Braine M, Leavitt L (December 1985). "The phonological and metaphonological representation of speech: Evidence from fluent backward talkers". Journal of Memory and Language. 24 (6): 679–698. doi:10.1016/0749-596x(85)90053-1.
↑ Cocchi R, Pola M, Sellerini M, Tosaca P, Zerbi F (August–October 1986). "Mirror speaking after neurosurgery. A case history". Acta Neurol. Belg. 86: 224–32. PMID 3766111.
↑ Jokel R, and Conn D (1999). "Case Study: Mirror reading, writing and backward speech in a woman with a head injury: a case of conversion disorder". Aphasiology. 13 (6): 495–509. doi:10.1080/026870399402046.

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[ref1-1] 1 2 3 Prekovic S, Đurđević DF, Csifcsák G, Šveljo O, Stojković O, Janković M, Koprivšek K, Covill LE, Lučić M, Van den Broeck T, Helsen C, Ceroni F, Claessens F, Newbury DF (February 2016). "Multidisciplinary investigation links backward-speech trait and working memory through genetic mutation". Scientific Reports. 6 20369. Bibcode:2016NatSR...620369P. doi:10.1038/srep20369. PMC 4738289. PMID 26838027.

[ref2-2] 1 2 Cowan N, Braine M, Leavitt L (December 1985). "The phonological and metaphonological representation of speech: Evidence from fluent backward talkers". Journal of Memory and Language. 24 (6): 679–698. doi:10.1016/0749-596x(85)90053-1.

[ref3-3] Cocchi R, Pola M, Sellerini M, Tosaca P, Zerbi F (August–October 1986). "Mirror speaking after neurosurgery. A case history". Acta Neurol. Belg. 86: 224–32. PMID 3766111.

[ref4-4] Jokel R, and Conn D (1999). "Case Study: Mirror reading, writing and backward speech in a woman with a head injury: a case of conversion disorder". Aphasiology. 13 (6): 495–509. doi:10.1080/026870399402046.