Badnavirus

Badnavirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Pararnavirae
Phylum: Artverviricota
Class: Revtraviricetes
Order: Ortervirales
Family: Caulimoviridae
Genus: Badnavirus
Cocoa-tree showing swollen diseased stem
Swollen stem infection

Badnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 75 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: CSSV: leaf chlorosis, root necrosis, red vein banding in young leaves, small mottled pods, and stem/root swelling followed by die-back. Infection decreases yield by 25% within one year, 50% within two years and usually kills trees within 3–4 years.

Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species:

Structure

Viruses in Badnavirus are non-enveloped, with bacilliform geometries. These viruses are about 30 nm wide and 90–900 nm long. Genomes are circular and non-segmented.

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
BadnavirusBacilliformT=3Non-envelopedCircularMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear/cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA-RT transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export, and tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (cssv: mealybugs). Transmission routes are vector, mechanical, and seed borne.

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
BadnavirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementNucleusCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: mealybugs; mechanical; wounds; seed

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  2. ↑ "Genus: Badnavirus - Caulimoviridae - Reverse Transcribing DNA and RNA Viruses - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)". Archived from the original on 28 November 2020.
  3. ↑ "Virus Taxonomy: 2025 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 23 March 2026.
  4. ↑ "Species List: Caulimoviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 23 March 2026.