Basque education system

Education in the Basque Autonomous Community is entirely free from the age of 3 to 16, and compulsory between 6 and 16. The majority of students are educated in the Basque language.

Levels of schooling

Education is divided into four levels:

Infant education (first cycle): for children aged 0–3 — optional and available at a subsidised cost;^{[citation needed]}
Infant education (second cycle): for children aged 3–6 — optional and free;
Primary education: for children aged 6–12 — compulsory and free;
Secondary education: for children aged 12–16 — compulsory and free. Upon completion of this level of schooling, students with satisfactory grades have the option to continue their education for two additional years. Students will either pursue academic study in preparation for university entrance examinations, or follow a professional training course. Those who fall short of the satisfactory grades may attend professional initiation programmes as a precursor to entering the job market.

Higher education

In addition to many institutions which specialise in vocational training,^{[citation needed]} the Basque country boasts four universities:

The publicly-owned University of the Basque Country;
The Jesuit, privately-owned University of Deusto;
The privately-owned University of Mondragón, part of the Mondragón Corporación Cooperativa;
The privately-owned European University Gasteiz.

Additionally, the privately-owned, Opus Dei-governed University of Navarre has a campus in San Sebastián [es].

Ikastolak

In the mid- to late 1960s, Basque language schools began to spring up all over the Southern Basque Country starting in nurseries and primary education. The new autonomous community of the Basque Country was granted autonomous powers with regard to education following the death of Franco in 1975, and the option of an education entirely in Basque in schools called ikastolak took a legal status.^{[citation needed]} There are four^{[citation needed]} types of school differentiated by their linguistic teaching models:

Type X: education is entirely in Spanish;^{[citation needed]}
Type A: education is entirely in Spanish, with Basque as a compulsory subject;
Type B: education is partly in Basque, partly in Spanish (usually mathematics and reading/writing);
Type D: education entirely in Basque, with Spanish as a compulsory subject.

In 2024^[update], 83% of children enrolling to infant education chose type D, while 14% chose type B, and 2% chose type A. This data reflects a growing trend of more students opting for an education with Basque, instead of Spanish, as the teaching language.

Quality of education

According to the 2022 PISA report^[update], Basque students have, on average, better mathematical competences than their Spanish, EU, and OECD peers. Reading and scientific competences are, on the other hand, similar to their Spanish, EU, and OECD counterparts.

References

1 2 "Información sobre el sistema educativo del País Vasco" [Information over the educations system of the Basque Autonomous Community] (PDF) (in Spanish). Government of the Basque Autonomous Community. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 September 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2026.
↑ "Sistema Universitario Vasco. Universidades" [Basque University System]. Government of the Basque Autonomous Community (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 October 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2026.
↑ "Historia de la Escuela" [Story of the School]. University of Navarra (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 December 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2026.
1 2 Goyoaga, Ander (23 October 2024). "Así evolucionan los modelos educativos vascos: gana peso el euskera en un mapa con grandes diferencias entre municipios" [This is how Basque educational models are evolving: the Basque language is gaining prominence in a landscape marked by significant differences between municipalities]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 June 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2026.
↑ "PISA 2022 Report: Basque Country results in mathematical, scientific and reading skills". Government of the Basque Autonomous Community. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2026.

[Info_Education_Basque_govt-1] 1 2 "Información sobre el sistema educativo del País Vasco" [Information over the educations system of the Basque Autonomous Community] (PDF) (in Spanish). Government of the Basque Autonomous Community. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 September 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2026.

[2] "Sistema Universitario Vasco. Universidades" [Basque University System]. Government of the Basque Autonomous Community (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 October 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2026.

[3] "Historia de la Escuela" [Story of the School]. University of Navarra (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 December 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2026.

[Types_enrollment_LaVanguardia-4] 1 2 Goyoaga, Ander (23 October 2024). "Así evolucionan los modelos educativos vascos: gana peso el euskera en un mapa con grandes diferencias entre municipios" [This is how Basque educational models are evolving: the Basque language is gaining prominence in a landscape marked by significant differences between municipalities]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 June 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2026.

[5] "PISA 2022 Report: Basque Country results in mathematical, scientific and reading skills". Government of the Basque Autonomous Community. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2026.